Car tuning has now become quite common; it is used to improve the technical parameters of the car and to stand out from the crowd of cars of the same type. The installation of air intakes, wings, additional lighting is used; in more complex cases, elements of the interior, control electronics and engine are changed. All this together is tuning... Car tuning is not the prerogative of only modern or imported cars; below we will look at what can be done with the engine of a regular and ordinary VAZ-2110, if you have the desire, a little money and straight hands.
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Increasing the power of a car engine requires increasing the air supply; a standard air filter cannot cope with this task. Therefore, instead we install a low-resistance air filter, for example from Pro-Sport, its cost will be about 2 thousand rubles.
Replacing the filter allows you to get about 8% increase in engine power. Of course, it's not just about one filter, but it is necessary to get maximum efficiency from all other components. Increasing the air flow to the carburetor will be one of the elements that will increase engine power
Changing engine displacement
The most favorite tuner engine is 124
This method is one of the simplest and most convenient. Such tuning will significantly increase engine torque without changing your driving style. It can be increased by boring the cylinders or increasing the piston stroke.
- By increasing the cylinder capacity, you will immediately increase engine power . This is based on the fact that there is a reserve in the thickness of the cylinder walls and they can be bored using a special machine. Bored cylinders will burn the greatest amount of fuel in the same amount of time, thereby increasing the throttle response of the engine.
- increase the piston stroke by using a new crankshaft, which has a large eccentricity, and selecting appropriate pistons and connecting rods for it. As a rule, lightweight connecting rods in this case are installed, since weight in this case plays an important role. The new piston group allows to significantly increase efficiency and, accordingly, power. At the end of such tuning, it is advisable to install a lightweight flywheel in order to relieve the load on the crankshaft and clutch, which will certainly have a positive effect on the dynamics and acceleration of the car.
Boring cylinders on a machine.
Compression ratio
- The very concept of compression ratio implies the ratio of the combustion chamber to the total volume of the cylinders. This will simultaneously significantly increase efficiency, engine power and reduce fuel consumption.
- These indicators can be achieved by installing a new camshaft with completely different geometric parameters. Thus, the new element is able to increase the volume of the combustion chamber, while the engine volume remains unchanged. Such work is best carried out together with the installation of a turbine (see below - note). However, remember that this work is not cheap.
- You also need to know that when installing such a camshaft, the octane number of the gasoline being poured must be increased, as well as improving the engine oil being poured, which has the lowest friction coefficients. When carrying out such tuning, compression units can increase to 10 units.
Throttle valve
Many owners of VAZ two-wheelers resort to engine tuning by increasing the diameter of the throttle valve. Of course, to increase the volume of the air mixture, such tuning is advisable. In stores you can find dampers with a diameter from 52 to 56 mm. However, please note that by increasing the diameter of the damper, you will also have to change the pipes. Quite often, failures occur not because of problems with volume, but because the throttle valve is clogged, in which case it needs to be cleaned.
Dampers of different diameters.
Inlet receiver
Thanks to the largest volume of the intake receiver, more air will flow in, which means it will work more smoothly. After this modification, the engine compliance even above 5 thousand revolutions will remain stable.
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By adjusting the size of the intake pipes, we change the distribution of maximum torque across engine speeds. Increasing the length of the pipes increases torque at low speeds, and if you shorten the pipes, the torque increases at medium and high speeds.
If you use a sports receiver, for example, or Torg-Mash, the engine accelerates to maximum speed.
Installing an intake receiver will also require some fine work in the future to adjust the valve timing; this can be done in a garage, but it will require certain qualifications.
Content
Every year, more modern technologies are used in the production of new engines. This moment determines a significant increase in power without loss of resource. The engine that is installed on the VAZ 2110 is significantly inferior to all modern versions. That is why we will consider VAZ 2110 engine tuning, which can significantly increase power or reduce fuel consumption.
Every car owner knows that 20-50 horsepower makes you feel more comfortable on the road, especially when overtaking. Tuning also allows you to significantly increase the maximum speed of the car. Let's look at all the features of how you can change the engine of a light car.
Replacing the camshaft
One of the most difficult operations in tuning a VAZ-2110 engine is replacing the camshaft. It is this that determines the time and duration of opening of the intake and exhaust valves and affects the amount of power and torque of the engine. Quite a lot of modernized camshafts are sold for engine tuning; the price per set will be about 10 thousand rubles.
Replacing the camshaft is also associated with the need to synchronize the operation of the engine's intake and exhaust camshafts. You can use a split pulley, also called a Vernier pulley. This pulley model allows you to configure the intake camshaft to operate either advanced or retarded.
If the camshaft is advanced, then at the overlap point the intake valve will be more open than the exhaust valve. And in the case of retardation, everything will be the other way around; at the point of overlap, the intake exhaust valve will be open more than the intake valve. This allows you to adjust the operation of the camshaft and obtain some operating parameters.
If the camshaft is advanced, this will shift the maximum power output slightly downward to lower engine speeds. Delaying the operation will shift the maximum power to higher speeds.
The very question of setting up and establishing the operation of the engine timing mechanism is quite complex and it is advisable to entrust it to an experienced mechanic. You can read more about how to replace the shaft in this article.
Modification of the VAZ 2110, 2111, 2112 engine
This modification will be useful in almost the entire line of VAZ injection engines, regardless of the type and composition of the ECM equipment and the ignition system in particular.
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Just a word of caution - based on the results of comments and questions. ! Intervening and making changes to the electrical circuit of a car requires at least basic skills in electrical engineering and awareness of the actions being performed! If you feel that electrical circuits and car electrics are a little out of your profile, contact a more qualified person or an experienced auto electrician. This is in your own interests. And it will save you from unpredictable consequences.
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In order. Engine VAZ 21124. 1.6 liters, 16 valves. Individual ignition coils (or dual module with high-voltage wires). Everything is beautiful. And at first glance, it seems that everything is thought out, so it should work clearly and reliably. It turns out that this is far from true. This is a VAZ!
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Customized ignition coils
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Quite a lot has been written about ignition problems on this engine - about the choice of spark plugs, replacement and selection of individual ignition coils (hereinafter - IKZ).
So I came face to face with this problem.
The main manifestations are that the engine rotates unevenly at idle (speeds dance in the range of approximately 720-840 rpm), sluggish acceleration with twitching, increased consumption. In principle, most people understand that misfires are rare, but they do happen. The ECU doesn't see them directly. Last year, one coil clearly started to fail - the ECU saw it. I replaced it and it started to loosen up a bit. But still the engine was missing something. What a good spark! Here's more about this. From versions: 1:1256
· replacing spark plugs (the current NGK ones lasted only 7 tons km) with something more expensive from the “platinum, iridium” series, etc. is an expensive option.
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· changing IKZ, and they are a little over 7 years old (the original ones are BOSHevsky, mileage is 75 tkm) is a little expensive (the cost of one IKZ is around 540 UAH ($22), and there are four of them) and there is no confidence that the problem will go away.
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· Mass air flow sensor, which is also not fun...
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· look into the ECU to check the serviceability of keys, current-limiting resistors, etc.
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Acting at random or based on assumptions is not my method or my approach. Reading the ECU showed: 1. Speed jumps 2. Injection time jumps, slightly 3. Reduction ratio jumps at idle (9-15 degrees) - a bit too much 4. Power supply, mass air flow sensor, TPS - everything is stable and beautiful. 5. ECU masses - everything is ideal (previous modifications and correct wiring were made) Verdict - unstable sparking.
The ICP parameters were measured - the resistance of the primary winding, inductance, the resistance of the secondary winding (taking into account the diode in the high-voltage circuit), checking for the absence of short-circuited turns - the norm. The coils have a minimal (± 2%) spread and nothing alarming in the parameters. More on this later. On a hastily assembled “stand” there is a normal spark, a little weaker in appearance than on a classic with a contactless ignition system, but still clear throughout the entire range of rotational speeds (2 - 45 Hz), with an accumulation time of 2.0 ms. The coils are live. The rubber caps in the explosive part of the coil have been replaced. To complete the picture, I decided to look at the diagrams on the coils with an oscilloscope on the engine, pulled out my C1-65A - a reliable, proven workhorse to the machine and off I went. The ignition is on. The engine is running. On board the network (to the battery) 14.35V, which at idle, one hundred at 2000 rpm is stable. Amazing! Let's see. As usual, I start with power to the coils (+12V from the ignition switch) and I’m HORROR! On the coils, as well as on the IKZ harness connector, the ripple is exactly 2.5V. I was not mistaken, I measured it in 2 modes (and the oscilloscope has been an everyday tool for many years and not the only working tool - there is no room for doubt). I apologize for the bad photos - the scan is slow and the shutter speed in the camera is short.
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2V/division Ripple range almost 2.5V
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0.5 V/Division with DC cutoff. The photo is not entirely successful, but the presence of almost 2.5V in scope is visible!
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Clear, beautiful needle-like dips in the ICD accumulation phase with a duration of about 2 ms and a peak-to-peak of 2.5 V!
There are practically no ripples visible on the battery (slightly small, about 50-80mV). That's it, we've arrived.
The cause has been localized. There's no point in looking any further for now. That's where the dog is buried! A little calculation in Excel and I get a reduction in the maximum current (accumulation) at the moment of rupture by 18%, which is equivalent to a reduction in the energy accumulated in the coil and transferred by the coil to the spark plug by 33.6%!
Impressive?
(the dependence of the accumulated energy on the current strength is quadratic W=(L*I^2)/2 - this is for reference!) That’s why there are a lot of articles on the pains of selecting candles, IKZ. I’m already silent about those who have high-resistance silicone wires from the external ignition module. As usual, everything is banal and in the AvtoVAZ style - wiring, contacts, connectors. Well, the conservative and indifferent “engineering thought” has touched here... Take action! Step one.
Required. General diagram of the ECM and its required fragment.
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Fig. 1 ECM diagram 21124 (January 7.2, Bosch 7.9.7)
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Fig.2 Installation of capacitors in the IKZ harness
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Since there is a powerful pulsed inductive load (ignition coil) and a long power circuit to it (IKZ harness, engine compartment harness to the ECU), the dips need to be smoothed out by installing capacitors, and as close as possible to the load itself. Which was done immediately.
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I will disappoint the skeptics - this approach is a classic technique in the circuit design of power pulse devices. No shamanism, miracles or anything else UnReal. In short, this approach can be called “compensation of the internal resistance of the power supply for a pulsed inductive load”
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2 capacitors (Photo 1, 2) - twisted the leads, soldered the wires, insulated the leads with heat shrink and then completely heat-shrink the entire structure again, only the wires stick out from the outside into the IKZ harness between 2-3 cylinders (cut the electrical tape, (corrugation and so on with a cut ) we see a twist - 5 blue wires. And to it (twist-crimp S1 (Fig. 1, 2)) we connect 2 capacitors of 2200 μF * 25V (105°C). An alternative and more technologically advanced option is to avoid touching the well-packaged twist - strip the lead (thick) blue wire coming from the ECM connector in a circle by 5-8mm and solder the positive wire of the capacitors to it. The negative wire is led out with a separate wire to the ground point under the M6 bolt on the cylinder head (next to the oil pressure sensor). Use a lot of high-voltage windings of coils for connecting capacitors is highly undesirable
.
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Capacitors: 2200 µF 25V 2 pcs. They are also suitable for higher voltages 35/50/63V, but not 16V. Capacitance range 3000 - 4700 µF. There is no need to exceed the upper limit either! Manufacturers: Jamicon (TX, TL, TZ, WG, TK, TM), Samwha (WB, WF, WL, RD), CapXon (KF, LZ, KM, GL), etc. in order of my preference. 105 degree, low impedance (LowESR).
2 capacitors of 2200 µF will be more efficient and durable than one of 4700 µF. Take my word for it, I don’t want to bog you down with theory.
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Photo 1. Blank
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Don't mix up the polarity!
The stripe on the body indicates “MINUS.” An error with the polarity when connecting will lead to a short circuit, swelling and boiling of the capacitor, and problems with the wiring.
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Photo 2. Next, we insulate the leads and the entire workpiece with heat shrink
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This is how everything looks already assembled; the engine cover does not interfere.
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Photo 3. IKZ harness and additional capacitors
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Photo 4. Connecting the masses in the area of the pressure sensor on the cylinder head
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Result: the ripple range decreased to 0.8V - which is 3 times. The pulses at the switched terminals of the coils (overshoot, swing, duration, oscillatory process) are almost identical, which pleases and confirms the presence of stable sparking. Before adding capacitors, characteristic emissions were observed, indicating the absence of a discharge in the spark plug. The car actually drove more lively, as it was before - the acceleration dynamics returned, the dips disappeared, and there was a clear and accurate response to the gas pedal.
Consumption immediately decreased by about 0.7-0.9 liters (7.8 instead of 8.5 or more in the city). At XX stable speed. It starts up much faster
(the starter's cranking time is exactly 2 times shorter).
And this is all on the same candles and coils! For the purity of the experiment, I screwed in the “old” candles, which had a fair amount of wear on them. The picture has not changed. The engine runs smoothly. 9:2248
Step two. Extremely necessary.
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Looking at the electrical circuits of the ECM 2110 (21124) (Fig. 1), I saw that the coils are powered directly from the ignition switch. Despite the fact that the ECU has its own direct power wire (about 2.5 - 4 mm kV) with the battery, it also powers the fuel pump, injectors and everything else. The power supply circuit for the coils is made with a wire of sufficient cross-section (about 2.5 mm2 exactly), in the IKZ harness, in the engine compartment harness to the ECU and EVERYTHING! Further to the ignition switch from the ECU harness, the wire is visually thinner. Naturally, over time, wear of the contact group of the ignition switch, an increase in the resistance of the connector contacts (due to oxidation and weakening of the spring properties) - the result is in all its glory in motion and on the oscilloscope screen. To put it simply, the chain to the coils consists of 4 connectors, the contact group of the lock, which is especially susceptible to wear.
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Rice. 3 Connecting the IKZ to the main relay of the ECM
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Twist S5
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Therefore, it was decided: to take power to the IKZ from the main relay of the ECU, and it is powered directly, by a separate wire (about 6 mm kV) from the battery. The power circuit and electromagnetic (or electronic) power relay are just right here. Which is what was done. In fact, it was long overdue! I don’t see any point in installing a separate relay yet. It will simply duplicate the main relay of the ECU, which is not very loaded. I cut off the blue wire from the “S5” crimp (Fig. 1, 3) and soldered it to the pink-black ECU extending from the main relay. The length is enough. The S5 crimp is located in the branch of the ECM harness towards the connector to the dashboard or IMMO - it is not difficult to find, just track the thick blue wire for powering the coils in the common harness in the branching area. Bite it off the twist and pull it out (release it) towards the engine shield. I recommend replacing the fuse (position No. 33 in the diagram) in the used circuit from 7.5A to 10A
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The result of the final stage is that the pulsations on the IKZ decreased to 0.35V, i.e.
2 more times. Result: ripples (dips) at the beginning – 2.5V; after adding filter capacitors - 0.8V; after reconnecting the IKZ power supply to the main relay of the ECU - 0.35V The result is clear - stable idle speed and dynamics without any complaints.
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Price: 2 capacitors, heat shrink, electrical tape. And just a little time and desire.
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Go ahead. Injectors. The picture is much better. There is less ripple, but it is also there - there are less currents in this circuit. And a 1500uF*25V capacitor was installed there a month earlier. Also to the harness, in heat shrink, minus the M6 bolt on the cylinder head. The purpose of the installation is to suppress interference during the operation of injectors in the on-board network and on additional equipment. Injection time and other engine operating parameters have not changed, and in fact should not have changed. The cooling fan controller was connected to the same injector power circuit. Quite a convenient connection point. The power wire and temperature sensor are nearby.
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I really understand that capacitors, even those designed for 105°C in the cylinder head area, will have a hard time. But, after looking at the Samwha and Jamicon datasheets, I wasn’t very upset. At 105°C, the declared resource is no less than 3000-5000 hours (for some LowESR series). In principle, not a little. Time will show. The main thing is that the problem is localized, investigated, and eliminated. Solutions are outlined.
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Chip tuning
Control of the ignition process, intake and exhaust, etc. This is a task for the engine control unit. In a standard engine, the unit is designed to obtain optimal power and fuel consumption. If we have replaced all or at least part of the elements described above, then setting up the control unit is simply necessary.
This will allow you to tune the engine to the changed parameters and get maximum power from it. Chip tuning can be carried out in car service centers where there is the necessary equipment and specialists.
So we briefly got acquainted with the tuning of the VAZ-2110 engine. As can be seen from all of the above, this will require some financial costs, but as a result you can get a significant increase in engine power to 120-140 hp. Especially if you carry out additional grinding and joining of joints for the block head, as well as manifolds and pipes.
Another detailed article on tuning a VAZ engine
Engine Machining
A significant modernization can be called mechanical processing of the internal environment of the motor.
There are several principles used when tuning an engine:
1. An increase in the volume of the internal combustion engine leads to more mixture entering the engine. The more mixture, the higher the power. That is why the cylinder block is bored, increasing the time when the valve is open. This kind of work is quite difficult to perform and requires certain skills. 2. You should also take into account the fact that any resistance in the system leads to a drop in power. An example is a situation where the inner side of the cylinders has an irregular shape, the mixture swirls and the piston moves with force - all this causes a decrease in power. That is why another method of increasing the power of a vehicle is to level all surfaces. 3. Other elements of the system can also cause increased resistance to the stroke of the rod and cylinder. An example is the ribbed surface of the exhaust manifold, which determines the occurrence of resistance during the removal of exhaust gases. The gases that are removed from the piston retard the movement of the cylinder block, that is, significant resistance arises, which means the power is reduced. 4. If the mixture is not sufficiently saturated with fuel, the power drops significantly. VAZ 2110 engine tuning may involve installing a modern fuel and oil filter. You can also find other components that are installed on sports cars.
The above points should be taken into account when considering what methods can be used when tuning an engine.
| Engine | 1.6 l, 8kl (Euro-2) | 1.6 l, 16cl (Euro-2) | 1.6 l, 16cl (Euro-3) |
| engine's type | injection gasoline, four-stroke | ||
| Engine displacement, cm3 | 1596 | 1596 | 1596 |
| Supply system | distributed injection with electronic control | ||
| Number and arrangement of cylinders | 4, in-line | ||
| Maximum power, kW (hp) / rev. min. | 59 (80) / 5200 | 65,5 (89) / 5000 | 65,5 (89) / 5000 |
What can be changed?
In order to get started, you need to set precise goals. An example would be:
- Increased power. In almost 80% of cases, the engine power is increased, which determines the acceleration time from 0 to 100 km/h. Increased power also causes increased traction in low gears.
- Some are upgrading the engine in order to reduce fuel consumption. Note that fuel consumption can be reduced without significantly changing the engine design - it is enough to restore its condition and configure it correctly.
- You can increase the maximum speed. In some cases, the manufacturer installs a speed limiter that prevents the car from accelerating. An increase in engine size also causes a significant increase in the maximum possible speed.
Is it worth replacing the unit?
It should be noted that recently, quite often, a new engine is being installed in place of the old one. Some engines may be suitable for the vehicle in question and only minor modifications are required to correct the problem. However, during the work the following problems may arise:
- The engine may not fit the transmission.
- When installing it, you will have to change the position of some important units: generator, radiator, fuel pump. There is also a high probability that the mount in the engine compartment will not be suitable for the selected engine.
- A significant increase in power leads to the need to replace or upgrade other units.
- The cost of the work carried out is very high, and the result is quite vague.
