Kalina generator connection diagram

Welcome! Voltage regulator - it is installed on the generator and is directly connected to it, thanks to it, the entire current that the generator produces changes and flows more evenly, for example, the more you turn the engine of a car (increase the speed, that is), the generator will work stronger and much more give out current, all this happens because the generator is connected to the engine (namely, it is connected to the crankshaft), but the voltage in the on-board network will also change from this (The more current the generator gives, the stronger this current increases in the entire on-board network car), therefore, when the speed increases, the light will constantly burn stronger, and when it decreases, it will dim because the current strength will decrease, so no matter what happened, a voltage regulator was invented, thanks to which the current strength in the on-board network always remains the same, but it changes when you turn on additional devices that need more current, that is, for example, you turn on the high beam headlights of a car and the current supply increases through the regulator so that there is enough power for these headlights, in addition, the current supply flowing through The regulator is constant and does not jump higher or lower, so the headlights work in the same mode and do not shine either stronger or weaker.

Note! In order to change or check the voltage regulator, you will need: Two different types of screwdrivers, as well as two wrenches that will be “12” in size, and you will also need a DC voltmeter thanks to which you can clearly determine what voltage you have in your on-board network and whether it is jumping, and among electrical appliances, a megohm meter is also useful, thanks to which you can check the regulator’s capacitor for serviceability, thanks to which the current strength remains constant when supplied to the on-board network!

Where is the voltage regulator located? It is located on the generator itself, as was already said a little earlier, a plus wire and a wire block are also suitable for it, so that the regulator does not become dirty; for this purpose it is also closed with a plastic cover, in more detail the pin that comes out of the regulator you can look at photo which is located below, in this photo you can just see the same plastic cover that closes the regulator, and in the other photo (Small) you can see that the cover has already been removed and only one pin sticks out, which comes from the regulator (This pin is on both indicated by a red arrow in the pictures).

When should you change the voltage regulator? It needs to be changed when it begins to pass alternating current into the on-board network (Alternating current is the current that rises or falls under the condition that the circuit leaves its direction unchanged), in other words, if the current strength fluctuates (And this should not happen), then the regulator must be replaced, if the current fluctuates, for example, the headlights may burn either worse or more intensely (Depending on the engine speed, at high speeds the headlights will burn stronger), and the regulator must also be replaced if it begins to produce either less current than necessary (In this case, you will have an undercharge of the battery), or more (With a stronger current, you may burn out the main part of the wiring in the car that will not withstand the heavy load, or if you have fuses, then at best they will have time to open the circuit and nothing bad will happen to the wiring).

Design of a car generator

Any generator, with the exception of direct current models, creates multiphase alternating current - three or four phases, depending on the power. Why such a complication if the on-board network uses only direct current anyway? The fact is that a multiphase alternating current generator has higher efficiency, and most importantly, the current is removed not by brushes from the rotating rotor, but from the stationary stator windings. Accordingly, there are no problems with burnout of the collector (the current in it is much less than what the generator produces), and the collector itself is simpler - two rings, and not a set of insulated lamellas.

To convert polyphase alternating current into direct current, a diode bridge is used. At a minimum, it contains several powerful diodes with twice the number of phases - they are engaged in rectifying the current. Some generators also have additional diodes that provide power to the relay regulator.

The relay-regulator itself is no longer a relay: instead of an electromechanical device, electronic circuits are used to control generators, but the name “relay-regulator” has already firmly established itself behind it. They operate in the same way - by changing the current in the rotor winding (and the magnetic field in the core), they increase or decrease the voltage at the generator output so as to keep it within specified limits from 13.7 V (old low-power generators) to 14.5 V (modern generators designed for high power consumption of the on-board network and accelerated battery charging). Modern generators are no longer independent units, but are integrated with on-board controllers: the ECU controls the voltage, raising it after the engine starts to speed up battery charging, and then lowering it to normal.

The relay-regulator is powered from an external network (Zhiguli, most foreign cars) and from the generator itself through additional bridge diodes (front-wheel drive VAZs). The second circuit is considered less reliable, but has a distinctive ability to self-excite due to the residual magnetization of the rotor - the generator, spun up to high speeds, produces enough current for the relay-regulator to operate and bring it to operating mode.

The generator must always be in good working order

Any modern car is equipped with electrical equipment that is absolutely necessary for the vehicle:

without a starter it is impossible to start the engine;
a car cannot be driven without lighting at night;
The heater motor creates heat in the cabin;
The wiper motor clears the windshield of rain and snow;
FM radio makes it possible for the driver not to get bored on the road.

But all these devices cannot work without electricity, so the car must have a power source.

The current from which all consumers in the car are powered is produced by the generator, and the performance of the entire electrical circuit of the vehicle depends on its condition.

Therefore, the generator must always be in good working order, and if any breakdowns occur with it, they must be eliminated in a short time.

Album of schemes for "VAZ 1118"

The Lada Kalina technical manual has such an album. The general scheme includes 59 components, among which you can find:

sources and consumers;
protective and control elements;
ECU;
sensors

A separate printed block displays the electrical circuit for connecting the electronic motor control module with other system components. We are talking about spark plugs, injectors, sensors, and the ignition unit of the Lada Kalina car.

There is also a separate electrical diagram that highlights the front and rear cable harnesses. A detailed display of all connections of the electrical components of the front panel in the cabin is provided. In addition, the diagram contains clear connections for the wiring harnesses of the door panels and the interior ventilation unit.

In order for the cable connections to ensure reliable contact, they are connected to special blocks with terminals. All terminals are compatible with cable harnesses, the wires of which have their own characteristic sheath color. Each electrical diagram in the album is designed in such a way that the color shade of the sheath of a particular cable actually matches the color shown in the documentation.

Numbers are written next to the drawn lines, allowing you to use the symbols to determine the connector to which a particular wire fits. For example, the marking on the “9/14” diagram “tells” us that this cable is connected to the 9th block via connector No. 14.

no charging! no excitation to the generator itself

You check with a control. ) I explain the principle in my fingers. A plus appears on the control panel. The second end from the control went to the generator. While it is standing there is a minus coming from the generator through the brushes and windings. The control lights up. As soon as current flows from the generator, a plus appears on this contact, and the pluses at the two ends of the control are equal to zero, the control goes out. Now the next thing. In the panels, depending on the modification, the control unit is not a lamp, but an LED (by the way, most often). When checking with the control, the control lamp (LED) lights up successfully, but the control simply does not react, well, it has too much power for this. I repeat, a working generator 2112 (this is the one on the injectors) will work without this wire, it just won’t charge right away, and when you accelerate, you raise the speed. It will self-excite perfectly through the small diodes of the bridge.

Vladimir Generalov Yes, it always lights up even when you disconnect the 2 swamp in the mounting block from the generator, as Andrey Potapenko said

Source

Generator operating principle

To visually visualize the operation of the installation, use the generator connection diagram. The second component of the installation is a voltage regulator, which is included in the power circuit of the rotor winding. The instrument panel contains a charge control lamp that:

Lights up when the ignition is turned on and there is a breakdown in the generator set.
Does not light up in normal mode and when there is a proper charge level.

A relay with normally closed contacts is used to power this lamp. Therefore, when the ignition is turned on, it lights up. Further, as soon as you start the engine, the generator begins to generate voltage. The relay winding is connected to the rotor power circuit; when voltage appears, the contacts switch - they open and the lamp goes out.

Checking ventilation and stove Lada Kalina

Car owners claim that Kalina’s heater heats much better than previous VAZ models. It sometimes breaks down and requires repair. Do a full system diagnostic to ensure it's working properly.

We start the car engine.
Turn the left handle counterclockwise and place it in the blue zone.
We place the fan speed switch in each of the 4 positions one by one. If the fan does not rotate in one of the positions, then check the power supply circuit of the device.
Turn the speed controller to maximum.
Using the right handle (damper control) we check the redirection of air flows. If we notice that there is no change, then the damper drive needs to be repaired.
Warm up the engine to 90°C. Turn the left handle to the extreme position of the red zone.
The air that comes out of the panels should blow warm air.
Return the left stick to the blue zone. Cold air will come out of the nozzles again.
If the temperature of the air flow does not change due to a change in the position of the regulator, then the control of the central damper drive is faulty.

The car owner may not immediately understand that the Kalina interior heater, the circuit of which is simple, is damaged. You constantly add antifreeze in small quantities, and the carpet in the cabin is dry and there is no smell of antifreeze. A stove leak does not appear immediately, and the main thing is that the liquid can evaporate. The radiator on Kalina does not have pipes leading into the cabin that could leak.

No excitation of the VAZ Kalina generator

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I recently became the owner of an alarm system with auto start and discovered the following thing: when you start the car with a cold engine, the generator is excited only after re-engineering.

Is this glitch observed only in autorun mode or does it (or did it?) occur?

No, the belt is fine. I checked that it was tight. They say that the tenth family has a disease. If you don’t believe me, let him start it when it’s cold (the main thing is not to press the gas) and look at the voltage on the on-board computer.

1) Put the key in the 1st position. There is no need to start the engine. 2) Set the multimeter to DC voltage measurement mode. You remove the excitation chip from the generator, measure the voltage between the chip and ground. It should be about 6 Volts (if there is a resistor in the device) and about 12 Volts if there is no resistor in the device:

3) Switch the multimeter to DC measurement mode (10 or 20 A “unfused”, depending on the type of multimeter). You stick one end into the chip, and with the other you touch the output of the regulator on the generator (from which you removed the chip):

The multimeter should show about 140 mA if there is a resistor in the device and about 240 mA if there is no resistor:

If everything went well in steps 2 and 3, look at the small bridge diodes, regulator and brushes.

4) If according to step 3 there is no required current, touch the ground (with the probe that was used to hold the generator). Should be about 150 mA:

If there is no current according to step 4, look at the light bulb in the dash and the wiring.

Source

Classification of generator faults

Since a car generator is an electromechanical device, its main faults are divided into two categories - electrical and mechanical. Electrical faults include breakdowns of the diode bridge, interturn short circuits, damage to the windings, breakdowns of the relay regulator, burnout of brushes and their wear, as well as breakdowns.

But mechanical malfunctions include damage to fasteners, problems with bearings, destruction of the generator housing, disruption of the correct operation of the belt drive and other malfunctions that have no connection with the electrical “stuffing” of the generator.

Very often, signs indicating a generator breakdown are caused by completely different problems that appeared earlier. For example, a generator malfunction may be the result of burnt contacts located in the ignition switch housing. Sometimes the light indicating that the generator is not working is lit due to a broken relay.

Typical signs of a faulty generator in a car:

The battery is being overcharged or discharged.
When the engine is running, the battery discharge light is on or flashing.
Significant increase in headlight brightness with increasing speed. This can happen during revving after idling, but the brightness of the headlights cannot increase constantly.
The sound signal is too weak, the headlights are not bright enough when the engine is running.
The presence of specific sounds that the generator makes.

Experts recommend periodically checking the tension of the generator drive belt and monitoring its condition. If the slightest defects, such as cracks, appear, the belt must be replaced.

Ignition system diagram Lada Kalina Lux

1 – oil pressure warning lamp sensor;
2 – coolant temperature indicator sensor; 3 – additional fuse block; 4 – fuses for the electric fan of the engine cooling system; 5 – electric fuel pump relay; 6 – relay for the electric fan of the engine cooling system; 7 – ignition relay; 8 – relay 2 of the electric fan of the engine cooling system; 9 – relay 3 of the electric fan of the engine cooling system; 10 – electric fan of the engine cooling system; 11 – throttle position sensor; 12 – idle speed regulator; 13 – coolant temperature sensor; 14 – diagnostic block; 15 – ignition system harness block to the instrument panel harness block; 16 – solenoid valve for purge of the adsorber; 17 – speed sensor; 18 – ignition system harness block to instrument panel harness block 2; 19 – mass air flow sensor; 20 – crankshaft position sensor; 21 – oxygen sensor; 22 – controller; 23 – rough road sensor; 24 – diagnostic oxygen sensor; 25 – ignition coil harness block to the ignition system harness block; 26 – ignition coils: 27 – ignition system harness block to the ignition coil harness block; 28 – spark plugs; 29 – nozzles; 30 – resistor; 31 – air conditioning system pressure sensor; 32 – blocks of the ignition system harness and injector wiring harness; 33 – phase sensor; 34 – knock sensor. Ignition system wiring harness -11184-3724026-10. Ignition coil wiring harness -1118-3724148-00. Injector wiring harness -11184-3724036. A – to the “plus” terminal of the battery.

On Kalina cars, the generator is three-phase and produces alternating current. There is no need to go into too much theory; an ordinary motorist only needs to know how to independently diagnose and repair the installation. This means installing the generator and voltage regulator directly. The fact is that at the output of the power windings the voltage jumps in the range of 10-30 V, and to power the entire on-board network you need 12 V. The first step is to rectify the voltage and then stabilize it.

Door pinout for first generation Kalina

In all versions of the first generation Lada Kalina, the cable routing is the same.

Driver's door

Output to the rear harness.
A bundle of wires for connecting the speaker.
Locking device.
Driver's door control switch pinout element.
Voltage to switch harnesses.
Connection of the harness line to the mounting unit.
Same as 5.
Same as 6.
Window regulator.

For front passenger

Exit to the stern beam.
Output to the appropriate speaker.
Door lock drive.
Electric window lift key.
Power window control unit terminal harness.
To the switch key of the corresponding node.
Gearbox of the above device.

Rear doors

On the rear doors, the terminals are similar for both sides. Only two terminals are used here, where the first serves to connect to the rear electrical harness. The second is designed to supply an impulse and power to lock the doors.

Typical Lada Kalina pinout intended for the rear wiring harness

Output to the rear door harness behind the driver.
Voltage and indication of the rear left optical element.
Same as 1 for the opposite side.
Terminal for handbrake output.
Kalina instrument pinout line.
Output to the driver's door.
Same as 5.
Car interior lighting lamps.
To the left turn signal.
Connecting the fuel pump.
Reverse transmission lock switch.
Continuation of the highway from the front passenger door.
Line articulation to the rear right speaker.
Illumination lamp for the interior of the cargo compartment.
Auxiliary stop.
Alarm control unit.
Same as 13 for the opposite side.
Rear right turn.
Output to rear optics located on the left side of the car.
Output to cargo compartment wiring elements.
Heated rear windshield.

Instrument panel pinout Kalina first generation

The decoupling is considered the most complex element of a car's electrical circuit. Here there are outputs from all important elements and assemblies of the machine:

1-5 – outputs responsible for connecting the front beam indication;
2.8 – similar for the stern;
6,7,9,10 – continuation of lines to the mounting unit and fuse-links;
11 – control lines for side, head and interior lights;
12 – combination instrument panel;
13 – keys for adjusting the heater cooler positions;
14 – for powering the air supply box;
15 – factory anti-theft element – ignition unit;
16 – immobilizer switch;
17 – part of the Kalina instrument panel pinout, responsible for indicating and supplying current to the ECM;
18 – onboard cigarette lighter;
19 – emergency warning button;
20 – brake light button located on the pedal;
21 – indicator on the windshield wiper system;
22 – rear window heating switch;
23 – power supply unit for turn signals and low/far modes of head optics;
24 – wiper control lever;
25 – horn button;
26 – supply voltage to the light bulb in the glove compartment;
27 – similarly, for the on/off key;
28-29 – pinout for Kalina radio – standard position:
30 – voltage to the heater cooler motor;
31 – resistor network of the above element;
32 – main pinout of Kalina EUR;
33 – lighting of the ventilation channel and stove.

Front wiring harness pinout

1 – left head optics cable;
2-5 – connection chips to the dashboard;
6 – reverse gear activation locking element solenoid;
7 – key for activating the reverse gear lamp;
8 – voltage for starter;
9 – connector for connecting the line to the battery and starter;
10 – battery;
11 – electricity generator;
12 – the same as 1;
13 – relevant for hatchback, front window washer;
14 – washer motor;
15 – sensor for measuring temperature outside;
16 – powering the horn.

About the principle of operation of a car generator

The operation of the Lada Kalina generator unit is based on the following principle: an alternating current is induced in the stator winding, which is subsequently transformed into direct current through a rectifier module located on the body of the unit. The generator cover is also equipped with an electronic voltage regulator and a brush holder. The rotor of the device receives torque from the crankshaft pulley. The transmission link is a poly V-belt.

The basic characteristics of the generator set include the following parameters:

maximum generated current – 85-90 Amperes;
operating range of on-board voltage – 14.4-15.1 Volts;
rotation ratio of the motor and rotor – 1:2.4;
right-hand direction of rotation.

The housing of the unit is held together by pins that tighten the stator with the covers. The mounting sockets of the indicated covers contain bearings, which ensure the ability of the rotor to rotate. The rear bearing is installed inside the cover with a minimum gap. The front element is equipped with the ability to slide along the surface of the rotor shaft. It is fixed inside the front cover with a slight interference fit, and a pressure plate covers it from the outside. The back of the device is protected by a plastic casing.

Let's move on to the switching diagram of the generator with the on-board network. The connection diagram is very simple. After turning on the ignition, power begins to flow to the voltage regulator through the battery discharge lamp circuit. When the motor starts, the excitation winding is supplied with supply voltage from three diodes mounted in the rectifier unit.

Using the indicated signal lamp, the generator unit can be checked. If the device is working properly, the lamp lights up when the ignition is on. It goes out when the engine starts. When this phenomenon is not observed and the lamp continues to shine, the generator set should be diagnosed for the presence of malfunctions. In some cases, replacement is required, and many are interested in how to remove the generator?

We change bearings in Lada Kalina

The rectifier units present in the designs of generator sets of the AvtoVAZ model range have received a considerable number of negative reviews during operation. This statement is also true for the Lada Kalina we are considering. These modules can break down even after a mileage of 10 thousand km, which requires repair or replacement of the device. It has also been revealed in practice that the cause of most malfunctions is the generator set bracket. However, bearings can also fail prematurely. It is gratifying that the owners are able to cope with such a problem on their own.

To repair the generator module, it will require preliminary disassembly. For this purpose, we “grab” the tips of the stator cables with a screwdriver and slightly pull them out of the springs present in the diode bridge. Next, you need to unscrew the bolts holding the bridge itself. In addition, unscrew the connecting bolt.

Having disassembled the body of the LADA Kalina generator set, we resorted to checking the integrity of the rear bearing. Here you will need to twist its outer ring. If it rotates without noticeable difficulties or sounds, and is not inclined to emit play, then we ascertain the serviceability of the bearing. When the slightest signs of wear are evident, we change it without hesitation.

The next step is to dismantle the generator unit bracket. Using the same screwdriver, we pry up the stator and remove it from the casing. The bracket design contains a bearing, which is also subject to inspection and replacement (if necessary).

The bearing of the front part of the LADA Kalina generator is rolled inside the casing. The manufacturer does not recommend replacing it. However, experts still advise performing this procedure, since if it breaks down, you will have to replace the entire generator, which is very expensive.

This bearing can be removed, but you will first have to remove the pulley and the plug present here. Next, using a hammer with a rubber striker, we excavate the rotor. Note that the front lining of the product will have to be clamped with a vice. We remove the bearing with special care.

Checking the rectifier unit (diode bridge)

To perform this diagnostic, it is necessary to remove the diode bridge from the Kalina generator; this was described in more detail in previous articles in this section.

Then we connect the tester with the black wire to the negative plate of the block, and the red one in turn to the three contact terminals of the diodes. This way we check all the rectifiers in the block. The values on the device should be in the range from 400 to 800 Ohms. Personally, on my Kalina, during this test, all diodes showed a resistance within 535 Ohms. But the repair instructions from the Third Rome publishing house talk about numbers of 580-620 Ohms. I will say right away that when I rang two serviceable generators, the values specified in the manual were not achieved, although there were no problems with charging, so I personally doubt the accuracy of the data in this instruction.

Then we carry out the same operation, only swapping the contact wires of the multimeter. In this case, the device, with working diodes, will show infinity, that is, its readings will not change:

Replacing generator brushes for Lada Kalina sedan (VAZ Kalina)

If the voltage regulator unit, capacitor and not a tight fit of the brushes are faulty, or if they are worn out, the vehicle's supply voltage deviates from the norm. In this case, it is necessary to check the above listed elements and, if necessary, replace them. In this article we will talk in more detail about diagnosing and replacing generator elements in a Lada Kalina car.

To remove the Lada Kalina voltage regulator you will need the following tool:

flat-blade screwdriver, 8mm and 10mm open-end wrenches and 7mm, 8mm and 24mm socket wrenches, hammer, soldering iron, universal meter (with DC voltmeter and megger)

Checking the functionality of the voltage regulator on the Lada Kalina generator

1. Move aside the rubber insulating cover of the positive terminal from the generator.2. Start the engine and allow the engine to warm up so that the vehicle operates normally at idle speed.3. Measure the voltage between the positive terminal and the body (negative terminal). The voltage should be 14.5-15.1 volts.

If there is a deviation from the specified range, the voltage regulator must be replaced. See also checking the Lada Kalina generator regulator in the section “Replacing the voltage regulator”

Checking the functionality of the Lada Kalina generator capacitor

The capacitor is usually checked with a specialized meggometer, since not all universal devices have a measurement of up to 10 MoM. The device is set precisely in the range of 1-10 MΩ. Before connecting to the capacitor, the device shows infinity. If connected to a working capacitor, it begins to charge and an electric charge accumulates on its plates - current flows and, accordingly, the resistance on the device drops. After charging it (saturating the capacitor plates), the resistance again becomes infinite.

Replacing the voltage regulator Lada Kalina

carried out as follows

1. Disconnect the negative cable from the battery.2. Disconnect the excitation block from the generator.

3. Disconnect the positive terminal from the battery by unscrewing the nut.

4. Remove the factory seal from one of the screws holding the plastic casing and remove the screws. Remove the protective plastic cover.5. Remove the two screws securing the regulator and remove the voltage regulator.

6. Check the ease of movement of the brushes. They must protrude at least 5 mm from the voltage regulator housing.7. You can check the voltage regulator by connecting a 12 V lamp to its outputs and applying a voltage in the range of up to 12 volts to its inputs, while the lamp should light and the voltage is more than 12 V to 16 V.

If the voltage is too high, the lamp should go out. If this algorithm does not work, then the regulator must be replaced. Installation of the regulator is done in the reverse order.

Replacing the rectifier unit with a capacitor Lada Kalina

1. Using a soldering iron, unsolder the six leads and remove the 3 bolts.

2. Remove the rectifier unit from the generator. Installation of the rectifier unit is carried out in the reverse order

Checking diodes on the rectifier block Lada Kalina

1. Dodas are checked with a universal device. (6 diodes in total) Connect the black “negative” probe to the negative plate, and the positive “red” probe alternately to the three contact terminals of the diodes. The resistance should be 580-620 Ohms.

Attach the red “positive” probe to the negative plate, and the negative “black” probe alternately to the three contact terminals of the diodes. The resistance should be 580-620 Ohms.

Checking the windings of the Lada Kalina generator

1. Check the generator windings with a device. All windings should have approximately equal resistance, without significant deviations. Deviations indicate a break or short circuit.

Any electrical equipment fails sooner or later. Thus, the most common generator malfunction on the Lada Kalina remains the regulator relay. Replacing this element is not difficult, but requires certain knowledge and skills.

Video on replacing the voltage regulator relay on a Lada Kalina:

This video story tells about replacing the generator regulator relay on a Lada Kalina, the nuances of installation and configuration.

Symptoms of loss of battery charging on a Priora

The very first thing that many people pay attention to is that the battery charging light on the dashboard came on. If you have a multimeter at hand, you can measure the output charging current by connecting the contacts to the “+” and “-” terminals, respectively

If even without a load the device readings are less than 13 Volts, this indicates that there are certain problems with charging.

Of course, it is possible (although it is highly not recommended) to remove the “-” terminal from the battery while the engine is running, thereby checking the functionality of the generator. If the engine stalls, this will indicate that there is actually no charging, and accordingly, the generator is faulty.

Also, the charging lamp may glow at half-glow, which also indicates insufficient charging current. If one of the symptoms listed above occurs, it is necessary to diagnose the generator and its parts. If necessary, replace them with new ones. If you have anything to add to this article, you can comment below.

If the battery discharge indicator lights up in the instrument cluster, it means that current is not flowing from the generator to the on-board network and the battery's energy reserves are being consumed. Once the battery is discharged to its minimum value, the engine management system will stop working and the engine will stall. Let's look at the main reasons why charging from the generator to the battery does not occur.

A car has two power sources: a battery (battery) and a generator. The battery is used when starting the engine (to power the starter), as well as for other consumers when the engine is not running. After starting the engine, the main source of current is the generator. It supplies current to all consumers, including the ignition system, and charges the battery.

How long can you drive without a battery-powered generator?

To save battery energy, turn off unnecessary electricity consumers: audio system, heated seats, etc. Also try not to stop and start the engine unless necessary. Under normal conditions, a fully charged battery in the absence of charging current lasts for approximately one hour of driving. See experiment with Lada Largus.

How to find the reason why the generator does not charge the battery

1. Check to see if the accessory drive belt (or alternator belt) is broken. If the belt is intact, check its tension.

2. If the belt tension is normal, but the warning light is still on, check that the wiring harness block and the positive wire terminal are securely connected to the generator

Please note that wires may be broken or broken within the insulation

3. Check the reliability of the wire connections to the battery terminals.

4. Check the integrity of the generator fuse in the engine compartment mounting block. Replace the blown fuse if necessary.

If, after all the measures taken, the charging lamp continues to light up while the engine is running, then most likely the generator is faulty (for example, the voltage regulator is faulty). We told you how to check the generator earlier.

The battery and generator are the two sources of electricity. The battery is used to start the engine and to recharge the vehicle's systems if the generator cannot cope with the load. The role of the generator is to provide power to current consumers in the on-board network when the engine is running and recharge the battery. It is this last function that will interest us. During operation, it is not uncommon for the battery to not charge during a trip or to receive insufficient charge. Let's look at the reasons for this.

How to replace the voltage regulator and check its serviceability on a VAZ 1117-VAZ 1119?

Checking the voltage regulator for serviceability:

1) At the beginning of the operation, you will need to find where the generator itself is located and after you find it, move your hand to the side with the rubber cover indicated by the red arrow, this cover covers the “B+” terminal; in simpler words, this is the positive terminal and it comes from the generator to this terminal (By the way, it is also indicated by a blue arrow) you will need to connect the positive wire of the voltmeter and after connecting it, throw another wire (Minus wire) coming from the same voltmeter to ground (The places where you need to connect the wire , indicated by a green arrow), after the operation has been completed, a DC voltmeter will show you the voltage in the vehicle’s on-board network.

2) After everything is connected, start the engine of the car and turn on the headlights, when the engine is started, let it run for a while (About 15 minutes) and after this time has passed, at medium speed engine, measure the voltage in the on-board network, which you should have in the range of 14.4-15.1 V.

Note! If this voltage is either more or less, then replace the voltage regulator with a new one!

3) Now, as for the capacitor, to check whether it works or not, you just need to use a megohmmeter to connect the leads that go from it to the contact of the capacitor; when connecting, your resistance should initially decrease and then become infinite (What kind of infinity do you have on the device? it’s very easy to understand, for this, without connecting anything, first look at the numbers that the megohmmeter shows, for example, if it shows 0, then this will be infinity), if this is what happened, then in this case the capacitor is fully operational and does not require replacement, otherwise, replace the capacitor with a new one.

Note! Capacitor - it is built into the voltage regulator itself, and as such it serves as a filter for current, thanks to it the voltage in the network is equalized; for example, it can pass high-frequency currents through itself well, but will delay low-frequency currents!

Replacing a voltage regulator with a built-in capacitor:

Removal: 1) At the beginning of the operation, you will need to remove the minus terminal from the battery, you can read about how to do this “here”, and then you will need to press the latch to disconnect the wire block from the generator, for clarity it is also indicated in red arrow.

Note! When the block with wires is disconnected, take a wrench in your hands and use it to unscrew the nut that secures the terminals of the two wires to the stud; after unscrewing the nut, remove these terminals from the stud! (Before unscrewing this nut, first move the rubber cover that covers it from dirt to the side)

Why does the generator heat up on viburnum?

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On the original Kalinovsky generator, a couple of diodes burned out and the stator insulator melted. Instead, I installed the entire rear part from a VAZ 2110 (the armature remained the same). Now charging has appeared and there is a problem with it - the generator began to get very hot. Colleagues, tell me what’s wrong?

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Messages: 1420 Registered: April 7, 2011, 00:00 Experience: since April 28, 2010 Car: VAZ-2113 Awards: 1

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Problem with generator, hums and stinks

Post by DMMC » 07 Jan 2015, 18:52

It all started with the battery charge light, which did not light up when it was cold. As soon as everything warmed up, it caught fire. By the method of elimination, it was revealed that the lamp itself was working. An insulation breakdown was discovered on the diode bridge, or more precisely on the wiring that goes to the voltage regulator (I did it by accident). I spat and decided to change the diode bridge yesterday. Bridge from Niva 2123, 2 additional ones go to it. output from the regulator. At the beginning, one pin was attached to the wrong place, one should go to + and the other to -. It turned out that both were at minus, charging did not occur.

I redid it today. Charging appeared, BUT! The generator began to hum and smell like some kind of burnt plastic, a very similar smell. The most interesting thing is that if you pull out the voltage regulator, it doesn’t make noise or smell. I thought it was a problem with the regulator, installed a second one, which was known to be working, nothing changed - a hum and a stench. There is charging, the lamp is still not on.

Tell me what I did there and how much money I got into, it’s scary to drive, God forbid something else breaks out, tomorrow I plan to tow the car to AvtoVAZ, at least I know roughly what to prepare for...

On the Internet I came across an article that described similar symptoms and there was a malfunction of the diode bridge. Where did the noise and stench come from then? Auto VAZ 2113

Most likely the brushes were worn out.

remove the wires from the generator. you take off the black cover with three latches. and then 2 screws with a screwdriver. (or head 8. I don’t remember exactly)

for 8th grade car no problem. for 16th grade There may be access and visibility issues. It may be easier to remove the generator on a 16 valve machine, because To change the relay by touch, you need to do it once.

If replacing the brushes does not help, then feel free to change the generator.

The first time it took me a long time to remove the generator, now I do it in 5 minutes. and I'll put it at 8. but I have an 8 cl car.

Do I have to lift the truck or can I climb on top? I also have 8.

for 8th grade everything is on top. for 8th grade try without removing the genes. Change the brushes in any case, even if they are not worn out. because they are in the same housing with a voltage regulator which also often lies.

if replacing the brushes does not help. then I advise you to replace the gene. I have already twisted their power. no resource. I realized that time and nerves are more valuable than genes.

Kalinovsky Kzate resource 30 thousand km

If you don't twist it with your fingers, it shouldn't fall off.

The fact of the matter is that in both cases the bolts broke off, the nuts remained, but the bolts were torn off.

Tell me how to determine the interturn short? There is an interturn breakdown in the rotor windings. determined by measuring voltage at idle and at high speeds. if there is a breakdown, then the voltage is noticeably less than it should be, and at idle it is even less than just on the battery.

Previously, I didn’t pay attention to whether the generator was heating up on cars. It heats up, and very well. on viburnum it is very hot, normal

Added after 2 minutes which even echoes into the steering wheel from a faulty generator bearing?

It's unlikely that it's from the bearing.

I removed the generator today and found no bearing runout. Well. We'll keep looking))

Changing the generator regulator relay on Lada Kalina

A three-phase voltage regulator (charging relay) is installed on the generator. Responsible for maintaining the voltage of the on-board network within a given limit in all operating modes.

Failure is considered one of the most common problems associated with the operation of the generator. Replacing an element does not require practical skills.

Replacement process

The process of removing the generator on Kalina depends on whether it has a tensioner on it or not. A belt without a tensioner can only be removed together with the generator or simply cut (if it’s old).

Disconnect the negative wire from the battery.
Loosen the generator and remove the belt.

Use a 13 key to loosen the tensioner and remove the belt.

By pressing the latch, we snap off the plastic block.

Lift the boot and unscrew the nut by 10.

The mounting bolts are located at the top and bottom of the generator.

The latches are located on the side surface of the cover.

Mounting the regulator relay: 1 – contact under the bushing, 2 – bolts securing the relay body.

View of the generator with the relay removed.

After assembling the unit, it is necessary to check the reliability of the wire connections and tighten the generator belt.

Critical wear of the brushes on the old relay.

Briefly about articles and applicability

The same 9402.3701-06 or 9402.3701-14 (14 V, 85 A) were predominantly installed on Kalina, Granta and Priora. Part numbers of compatible voltage relays:

KZATE "Orbita" (Saransk) 849.3702, costing 500-750 rubles.

New voltage regulator made in Saransk.

Important ! On Priors with a generator 3701010, which has an output current of up to 115 A, the voltage relay is not interchangeable with the Kalinovsky one!

Causes and symptoms of malfunction

The regulator will need to be replaced if the part fails. This can happen for several reasons:

A short circuit in the circuit that led to its breakdown. This happens quite often, since the “relay” is a power source, and there is no fuse between it and the rotor.
Brushing of brushes resulting from friction against the rotor.

You can find out about problems with the operation of the generator, in particular with the charging relay, by changing the voltage of the on-board network.

In practice, during the operation of the car this is determined by the following symptoms:

Headlight beams of different brightness. When you press the gas pedal they light up brighter, at idle they dim.
An undercharged battery will affect the morning start-up. The starter turns much harder than usual.

Overcharging of the battery due to increased voltage. It can affect you in several ways:

Electrolyte boiling in jars. It will manifest itself as a sharp, unpleasant odor emanating from the battery;
Frequently blown fuses. If they are missing, the “weakest” part of the wiring will burn out (places with pockets of copper oxidation, poor contacts).

Traces of electrolyte are visible along the edges of the battery. This occurs due to overcharging.

How to excite a generator directly prior

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I recently became the owner of an alarm system with auto start and discovered the following thing: when you start the car with a cold engine, the generator is excited only after re-engineering.

Is this glitch observed only in autorun mode or does it (or did it?) occur?

The multimeter should show about 140 mA if there is a resistor in the device and about 240 mA if there is no resistor:

If everything went well in steps 2 and 3, look at the small bridge diodes, regulator and brushes.

4) If according to step 3 there is no required current, touch the ground (with the probe that was used to hold the generator). Should be about 150 mA:

If there is no current according to step 4, look at the light bulb in the dash and the wiring.

Source

Types of generator faults

Due to the fact that any generator is an electromechanical device, there will be two types of faults - mechanical and electrical.

The first includes the destruction of fasteners, housing, malfunction of bearings, pressure springs, belt drive and other failures not related to the electrical part.

Electrical faults include winding breaks, diode bridge faults, brush burnout/wear, turn-to-turn short circuits, breakdowns, rotor beating, and relay-regulator faults.

Often, symptoms that indicate characteristics of a faulty generator can also appear as a result of completely different problems. As an example, poor contact in the fuse socket of the generator field winding circuit will indicate a generator malfunction. The same suspicion may arise due to burnt contacts in the ignition switch housing. Also, the constant lighting of the generator malfunction indicator lamp can be caused by a breakdown of the relay; the blinking of this switching lamp may indicate a generator malfunction.

The main signs of a malfunctioning autogenerator:

When the engine is running, the battery discharge warning lamp flashes (or stays on continuously).
Discharging or overcharging (boiling) of the battery.
Dim car headlights, a rattling or quiet beep when the engine is running.
Significant change in headlight brightness with increasing speed. This may be acceptable when increasing the speed (re-throttle) from idle, but the headlights, having lit up brightly, should not increase their brightness any further, remaining at the same intensity.
Extraneous sounds (howling, squeaking) coming from the generator.

It is necessary to regularly monitor the tension and general condition of the drive belt. In case of cracks and delaminations, immediate replacement is necessary.

Main process

Replacing the generator in the case of Kalina with an 8-valve or 16-valve engine involves performing the following steps:

First of all, you will need to install the car on the repair site and fix the position of its wheels using wheel chocks. It is also necessary to turn off the engine and disconnect the terminals from the battery to ensure the safety of the work being carried out.
After this, you need to loosen the belt tensioner roller, which fixes the position of the generator. To do this, you will need to unscrew the fasteners and dismantle them.
The next step is to disconnect the plug secured by a plastic latch. To remove it, you need to lightly press it and pull it to the side. If everything is done correctly, the plug can be removed without problems.

You will also need to remove the wire terminals located under the protective cap. Therefore, the car owner will first need to dismantle the protective cap by prying it off, and only then remove the terminals.

The next step is to unscrew the nut securing the upper part of the generator. It is considered the most complex process among those listed, and it is better to familiarize yourself with the structure of the car in advance so that no problems arise. To make the nut give way quickly, you can move it with a wrench and then work it with a ratchet handle. Finally, all that remains is to lightly tap the protruding bolt so that it moves, after which you can remove it from the reverse side. Once the top bolt of the generator is removed, you can proceed to the bottom one. The actions are the same - a knob, a ratchet handle, a light knock and dismantling. However, in this case, it is recommended to hold the nut on the reverse side so that it does not turn. Next, you should begin dismantling the rod

This should be done carefully and carefully, since there are bearings and bushings inside. They will need to be held so that they do not fall and get lost.

The final step will be to dismantle the generator, clean the internal space of dirt, rust, possible traces of oil, and install a new unit - a standard generator or its equivalent.

You can check the functionality of the generator with a multimeter by connecting it to the battery terminals. The voltage reading should not be less than 13.4 volts.

The pitfall when replacing a Lada Kalina generator with air conditioning is its changed position, so you will have to approach it from the other side.

Thus, in order not to have to change the generator frequently, it is recommended to regularly inspect the technical condition of the car and, if necessary, repair certain parts, devices, and systems. Undoubtedly, repairs will cost the owner of Kalina somewhat less than buying new spare parts and entire units.

Replacing the roller and brushes

If you hear a rustling noise coming from the tension roller of the Lada Kalina generator belt, then you need to check its serviceability and replace it.

To perform this procedure, you need to use a set of wrenches and a flat-blade screwdriver. Replacing the roller is a very simple procedure. To perform this, you must first loosen the belt tension by unscrewing the rod. Then use a flat-head screwdriver to pry off the protective cap of the roller and unscrew the bolt securing the bearing to the bracket.

The bushing and washer are removed from the old roller, then they are installed on the new roller. The entire assembly assembly is placed in place of the old roller and secured with a bolt. Next, the belt is properly tensioned and the car engine is started to check how the new roller works. After replacing the roller, no extraneous noise should be heard from the Lada generator.

One of the reasons that the battery does not charge well is wear on the generator brushes. To eliminate this malfunction, it is not necessary to replace the entire generator; it is enough to change only the brushes. To check their condition, the brushes must be removed and inspected. This can be done both with the generator installed and with it removed. To avoid a short circuit when performing this procedure, it is necessary to remove the negative terminal of the battery. After this, remove the protective cover of the device and remove the power plug using a flat-head screwdriver. In this case, you need to make sure that the solder does not come off from the voltage regulator.

Operating principle

The basic principle of operation of the generator is as follows: a three-phase alternating current is induced in the stator winding, which is converted into direct current using a rectifier unit attached to the cover of the device. On the cover there is a unit consisting of an electronic voltage regulator and a brush holder. The rotor rotates from the crankshaft of the car engine via a serpentine belt.

The Lada Kalina generator has the following characteristics:

maximum output current - 85-90 A;
voltage - 14.4-15.1 V;
engine-generator gear ratio - 1:2.4;
direction of rotation is right.

4 bolts secure the stator and covers of the device. The covers contain bearings in which the rotor shaft rotates. The rear bearing is located on the rotor shaft; it is mounted in the rear cover with a small gap. The front bearing, which slides along the rotor shaft, is installed in the front cover with a slight interference fit and covered with a pressure plate. The device is covered at the back by a plastic casing.

The generator connection diagram is quite simple. When the car's ignition is turned on, voltage is supplied to the voltage regulator through the low battery warning light. When the engine is started, the field winding receives power from 3 diodes that are installed on the rectifier block.

Main Generator Components

In general, a generator is a converter that creates electrical energy from mechanical energy. On all cars, the design and operating principle of these devices are similar. The design consists of the following components:

The stator winding, a thick copper wire is used for it, since it is with its help that voltage is generated.
The rotor winding is excitation. Without it, it is impossible for current to appear in the stator winding. In order for any potential difference to appear in the frame, the presence of two components is necessary - rotation and a magnetic field. Thanks to the generator belt on the Kalina, the rotor rotates. It is its winding that fulfills these two conditions - a magnetic field is created around it, and it rotates around its axis.
The rotor is equipped with slip rings, to which voltage is supplied using a brush assembly.
A pulley mounted on the rotor allows rotation to be transmitted from the crankshaft via the generator belt on the Kalina.
A mechanical or electronic voltage regulator changes the voltage on the rotor winding. Due to this, the generator produces a stable voltage.
The block of semiconductors (valves) mentioned earlier is necessary to convert three-phase alternating voltage into unipolar direct voltage.
Covers with bearings are designed for rotor alignment and normal operation of the unit.
The capacitor allows you to get rid of residual alternating current after rectification.

How to replace a generator set?

How to remove the generator? In some cases, repairing the generator unit is impractical or cannot restore the functionality of the device.

Replacement is required here. The process itself is not an intricate undertaking, so it will not take much time from the owner of the Lada Kalina.

For a successful replacement operation we will need:

Remove the belt, first loosening the tension element.
Disconnect the plug together with the cable terminals.
Unscrew the nut securing the upper section of the unit and remove the bolt.
Use the same method to remove the bolt at the bottom of the device.
Remove the generator unit from the engine compartment.

Replacement and installation of a new device is carried out using the reverse algorithm.

How to dismantle the generator

Now we need to tell you how to remove the generator. To do this, proceed according to the following principle:

Disconnect the battery.
Disconnect all wires going to the generator.
Pre-treat threaded connections with penetrating lubricant such as WD-40.
Unscrew the nut from the top mounting of the generator. The bracket can also be removed.
Unscrew the nut from the lower mounting bolt. Hold the bolt head from turning.
Remove the Kalina generator belt from the roller. There is no need to perform any manipulations with the air conditioner and power steering.
Remove the generator from its seat.

Actions when charging disappears

The generator on a Kalina with air conditioning has more power than on cars without an air conditioning system. The design and faults are the same. What to do if charging is lost? Don't panic and check immediately:

Voltage regulator. The easiest and most expensive way is to replace it with a known good one. But you can also apply voltage of 12 V and 15 V to check operation. Regardless of whether the regulator is mechanical or electrical, it will behave the same. In the first case, voltage will be supplied to the excitation winding, but in the second - not. Alternator slip rings and brushes. You can use a simple lamp probe to check the contacts. The length of the brushes must be more than 5 mm, otherwise they should be replaced. The integrity of the field winding can be checked with a tester. Moreover, there is no need to remove the generator, just crawl up to the slip rings and check the resistance between them

Please note that they should not short to ground. The condition of the stator winding and diode bridge can be assessed only after dismantling the generator.

Replacing bearings

AvtoVAZ cars are very often subject to fair criticism from the owners of cars produced by this company. The Lada Kalina model was no exception to the general rule. Almost all current converters installed on cars of this brand break down after 10 thousand kilometers, after which the generator requires repair or replacement. As practice has shown, the cause of many breakdowns is not only the bearings, but also the Kalina generator bracket. Car owners often fix this problem on their own. Doing this with certain skills is not so difficult.

To repair the generator, it is necessary to disassemble it. To do this, use a screwdriver to hook the tips of the stator wires and pull them out a little from the springs of the diode bridge. Then unscrew the bolts that attach the diode bridge. After this, the connecting bolt is unscrewed.

After disassembling the generator, check whether the rear bearing is in good condition. To do this, you need to twist its outer ring. If it rotates easily, without noise or rattle, and there is no play, then the bearing is in good condition. At the slightest suspicion of a malfunction, it is better to replace the bearing.

Next, you need to dismantle the Kalina generator bracket. Using a screwdriver, the stator is picked up and removed from the device casing. The bracket includes a bearing, which should also be checked. If a malfunction is detected, the part must be replaced.

The front bearing of the unit is rolled into its casing. Although AvtoVAZ does not recommend changing it, it would still be more advisable to do so, because otherwise you may then need to buy an expensive new generator for Kalina.

The bearing is removed by removing the pulley and spacer plug. After this, the rotor is removed from the rubber using a hammer, and the front casing of the unit is clamped in a vice. The bearing is carefully removed.

Installation and repair features

Installation occurs in reverse order. If necessary, the generator is replaced or repaired. In some cases, repair will be impractical, since there are many unusable components, including stator and rotor windings. Restoration will be expensive; it will be much easier to completely replace the generator on Kalina. The cost of a new generator in stores is 4-5 thousand rubles. At "showdown" you can buy it 2-3 times cheaper.

Video on replacing the voltage regulator relay on a Lada Kalina:

Signs of generator failure

To diagnose the generator set, it is not necessary to remove it. Here are some typical symptoms of breakdowns:

The presence of a hum and whistle from the generator indicates that the bearings are damaged. If you start it, the rotor may jam and the belt may break.
Whistling, short-term ignition of the charging control lamp - the alternator belt on the Lada Kalina is worn out, or it has low tension. If the lamp is constantly on, there may be a break.
If the charging lamp is on, this means that there is no voltage at the generator output. The reason may lie in the windings, voltage regulator, slip rings, diodes, wiring.

Troubleshooting should begin from the simplest to the more complex. It is possible that the cause of the generator failure is a break in one wire. But it is quite possible that there is a break in the rotor or stator winding. When making repairs, the generator connection diagram should be at hand.

Possible causes of malfunctions

Brush wear

If the generator does not charge the battery, then the first thing that comes to mind on cars with sufficient mileage is wear of the brushes. There are few purely mechanical components in generators that affect its performance - and the brushes, constantly rubbing against the commutator, are worn out.

As the contact wears out, the contact deteriorates, and the current in the rotor winding drops accordingly. At first, the generator gives little charge at low speeds, “waking up” after re-gasping, then it fails completely. The brushes themselves can be either a separate unit or interlocked with a relay regulator.

When removing the brush assembly from the generator, you can easily feel how far it can be extended so that the elasticity of the springs ceases to be felt - this will be the remaining working length of the longest brush

Please note that more often the brushes wear unevenly: on the side of the cover, where dirt and brush wear products accumulate, the brush wears out faster. This is also noticeable by the presence of a groove on one of the rings

The groove itself is not so bad if it is worn evenly. Here it is wavy, with sharp changes in diameter - a direct indication of replacing the slip rings or rotor assembly. On foreign generators there is a monoblock design, when the diode bridge, the relay-regulator, and the brush assembly are one whole. Replacing such a monoblock is not a cheap matter, and it is stupid to do it when only the brushes are worn out. Therefore, they are soldered, selecting suitable ones from domestic generators or power tools.

Disassembling the device

To disassemble the generator, you need to perform several simple manipulations:

Remove the drive pulley. Try not to lose the key.
Unscrew the nuts from the back cover that secure all parts of the structure.
Remove the voltage regulator. At the same time, evaluate the condition of the brush assembly.
Disconnect all parts of the generator.

After this, you can begin to carry out repairs.

Bearings often fail, especially the one located in the front cover. The reason for this is excessive belt tension. To make a replacement, you need to unscrew four screws and press the bearing out of its seat. Instead, install a new bearing. To increase reliability, change both rollers at once.

Lada Kalina dashboard diagram

1,2,3,4 — blocks of the instrument panel wiring harness to the blocks of the rear wiring harness; 5,6 — blocks of the instrument panel wiring harness to the blocks of the front wiring harness; 7 — block of the instrument panel wiring harness to the block of the wiring harness 8 — block of the instrument panel wiring harness to the block of the front wiring harness; 9 — lighting control module; 10 — ignition switch; 11 — on-board computer mode switch; 12 — windshield wiper switch; 13 — sound signal switch; 14 — light signaling switch; 15 — instrument cluster; 16 — evaporator temperature sensor; 17 — interior air temperature sensor; 18 — air conditioner switch; 19 — controller of the automatic climate control system; 20 — heater damper gearmotor; 21 — rear window heating switch; 22 — alarm switch; 23 — brake signal switch; 24 — cigarette lighter; 25 — electric amplifier control unit; 26,27 — blocks of the instrument panel wiring harness to the radio; 28 — backlight lamp for the heater control panel; 29 — illuminator; 30 — mounting block: 31 — heater electric motor switch; 32 — heater electric motor; 33 — additional resistance of the heater electric motor; 34 — glove box lighting; 35 — glove box lighting switch; 36 — control unit of the APS-6 automobile anti-theft system; 37 — driver airbag module; 38 — passenger airbag module; 39.40 — blocks of the instrument panel wiring harness to the blocks of the ignition system wiring harness.

KZ - additional starter relay; K4 - additional relay; K5 - relay-interrupter for direction indicators and hazard warning lights; K6 - windshield wiper relay; K7 - headlight high beam relay; K8 - sound signal relay; K9 - relay for turning on fog lights; K10 — relay for turning on the heated rear window; K11 — electric seat heating relay; K12 - air conditioning compressor clutch activation relay;

Instrument panel wiring harness - 11186-3724030-20.