Cooling system of an injection engine on a VAZ 2114 (diagram)

Alas, the build quality of the VAZ 2114 radiator and the cooling system as a whole leaves much to be desired, which is why it can fail over time. The main disadvantage of the OS (cooling system) of the “fourteenth” model is the need for constant monitoring, regular maintenance and repair.

The solution to these issues is complicated by the fact that the cooling system of the injection engine on the VAZ 2114 is quite complex and includes 28 elements. The most convenient way to get to know them is on a special chart.

How the OS works

The electric fan is located on the electric motor shaft. Depending on the indicators of the sensor, it is turned on or off. One of the main elements of the OS is a thermostat valve with a storage tank , which senses changes in air temperature.

If the fluid temperature is around 87 degrees, the main valve turns on and sends fluid through the large circuit. At a temperature of 102 degrees, the valve stops at 8 mm.

What determines the cost of a radiator?

There are several factors that affect the final cost of a given element.

The first is the manufacturer. Original spare parts are always very expensive, so many car owners try to replace them with imported analogues in the event of a breakdown. Today, the following companies are in great demand in the Russian car market:

• DAAZ.
• BAKER.

The second is the characteristics of the radiator. For this car model, the radiator is made of two types of metal: copper and aluminum. Each of them has its own unique characteristics that allow it to perform better.

This heat exchanger has no varieties, apart from its design. Therefore, the specific cost will be based only on the characteristics.

Replacing the coolant

To normalize the cooling system on a VAZ 2114, sometimes it is enough to replace the coolant. To determine when this needs to be done, you should know some nuances:

• The effective life of antifreeze is 2 years, and antifreeze is 5 years;
• Typically, replacing antifreeze is required after a mileage of 20-40 thousand kilometers, depending on operating conditions;
• A changed color of the composition indicates that it needs to be replaced.

antifreeze as a liquid , since it has a long service life and does not wear out the system so intensively. in favor of antifreeze is its affordable price.

Before adding new fluid, the system should be flushed. For this:

• Drain all existing coolant from the system;
• Screw the plugs tightly;
• Fill with high-quality distilled water to the maximum;
• Start the engine and bring it to operating temperature;
• The revolutions should be about 3 thousand. Avoid overheating the engine;
• After turning off the engine, leave the car for 7 minutes, after which the water is drained. If the system is heavily contaminated, the procedure must be repeated until completely clean distillate begins to pour out.

The first “jamb”: the stove tap

The first problem area of ​​the VAZ 2114 is the tap at the antifreeze inlet into the stove. On the one hand, its undoubted advantage is that if the fitting on which the pipe is inserted accidentally breaks, it is enough to replace the valve. For example, on most foreign cars of the 1990s, this fittings are an integral part of the stove radiator. If you break them during repairs, you will have to replace the entire radiator. But on the other hand, due to this design, the quality of coolant circulation is much worse. This means a comfortable stay in the cabin.

In addition, on the VAZ 2114 the supply of hot antifreeze to the stove is mechanically controlled using a cable. And this cable gets dirty and “stretches.” The cable itself may become loose over time. As a result, the stove will not work properly.

Usually, if you have problems with cold air from the stove, it is recommended to tighten the cord.

Adjusting the heater tap cable

The problem arises due to the general unreliability of the mechanical cable control system for internal heating on the VAZ 2114. We have already talked about this. Loosening or stretching of the cord from time to time leads to the fact that the faucet of the stove does not close (open) completely when moving the slider on the control panel. To solve this problem you will need:

1. Find the heater valve control cable. It works under the panel in the area of ​​the accelerator pedal.
2. Pull the cable so that when the shutter is fully open, it also opens fully. Sometimes, with a strong tension, the cord is shortened a little for this. Don't overdo it or the faucet won't turn off. Warm air will blow even in summer.

Mostly it works. But it may happen that you will have to pull yourself up regularly. Often the problem recurs periodically. The fundamental measure to solve this is as follows: remove the tap from the system.

Removing the stove tap

This modernization allows you to eliminate the “extra” element from the system, increasing the overall efficiency of the system (improving circulation) of the VAZ 2114.

The operating procedure is as follows:

1. Remove the faucet.
2. To make (you can’t do without a turner) a pipe of the desired shape, connect the pipes to it.
3. To improve circulation, a pressure pump is also installed in the system (usually installed on GAZelle, it can be found in GAZ spare parts stores). The pump runs on electricity. It is advisable to turn it on using a switch installed in the cab so that the pump can be forced to turn on as needed.

It is recommended to use this method of regulation only in regions with cold winters (where the temperature stays around -20 degrees Celsius and below for more than one and a half months a year). In all other regions, a regular oven should suffice!

Why the OS does not work

If you don’t know which cooling radiator is best to choose for the VAZ 2114, look at the existing one. Buy an analogue from the manufacturer, or purchase a device with the closest characteristics.

The fourteenth model is equipped with an aluminum radiator with two additional tanks. The radiator design includes:

• Radiator;
• Upper tank with pipes;
• Bottom tank with pipes.

Is it worth the bother?

Thermostat 21082 is a one-piece design, securely attached to the cylinder head. Fewer connections on clamps, no intermediate hoses - less chance of leaks.

In the future, replacing the thermoelement will require less manipulation - unscrew 3 bolts and disconnect 2 hoses. You can even get by by disconnecting one hose if you get creative. Replacing the thermoelement becomes much more convenient.

Another advantage is the reduced diameter of the bypass hole, which (as they say) affects the engine warm-up speed and increased flow through the heater, although logically the increase in flow is unlikely to be significant.

Well, the size of the thermostat frees up space in the area above the gearbox.

In addition, in the circuit with thermostat 21082, the expansion tank is included in a small circle, and not in a large one as in circuit 2108.

Radiator replacement

The replacement procedure itself is as follows.

1. Unscrew the plug from the expansion tank and the cylinder and radiator plugs.
2. Drain the coolant into a large container.
3. Disconnect the radiator ventilation system from the battery.
4. Remove the silicone pipes of the VAZ 2114 cooling system by disconnecting them from the radiator and tank.
5. Remove the mounting bolts from the casing.
6. Hold the radiator and remove the skin and fan together.
7. This will completely free the radiator, so you can easily replace it with a new one.
8. Assembly of the unit is carried out in reverse order. After replacing the radiator, start the engine and check the efficiency of the new unit.

How to upgrade the system

The simplest scheme for changing the VAZ 2114 cooling system is to swap the pipe coming from the stove and the pipe coming from the expansion tank. Thanks to such a simple and quick upgrade, the following happens: during operation, the car engine heats up the coolant, which then flows to the thermostat.

From the thermostat, part of the coolant goes to the stove, and the other part goes to the pump, and from there to the engine (passes through a small circle). Part of the liquid supplied to the furnace gives off part of the heat and, somewhat cooled, returns to the thermostat.

The thermostat mixes coolant from the heater with heated fluid from the engine. As a result, the overall temperature of the liquid decreases (due to the coolant cooled by the stove) and the valve does not open. Thanks to this, the thermostat valve will open only when all the liquid in it has a temperature of +85 C.

As you can see, the circulation of liquid and its temperature in the system will become much more uniform and will not undergo sudden changes, as when using the “classic” circuit installed at the factory.

To do this, a 6-hole thermostat ("new design") must be installed. If for any reason there is a 5 hole thermostat, it must be replaced with the specified one.

When preparing to tune the VAZ 2114 cooling system according to the above diagram, you should remember that when replacing pipes in some places, their length will not be suitable - one will be longer and the other shorter. Therefore, to perform the necessary procedure, you will have to purchase new tubes and adjust them in length or make them yourself.

During this procedure you will need a minimum of tools:

Before disassembling the injectors, place a rag under them to prevent coolant from spilling.

When securing pipes with clamps, it is important not to use excessive force. Over-tightening can soon lead to destruction of the pipe material.

By updating the cooling system in this way, you can achieve the following results:

1. Even in the most severe frosts, the car interior will be warm (due to more uniform circulation of fluid and an increase in the efficiency of the stove by an average of 20%.
2. In the summer heat, cooling the interior will be almost 2 times more effective (after all, the rate of fluid circulation will more than double).
3. The operation of the car’s engine will become more uniform and smooth, and the characteristic “failures” of the VAZ (and other domestically produced cars) will disappear.”

On top of that, the temperature sensor reading will now display the actual temperature, which exactly matches the system temperature.

As you can see, a very simple and quick procedure (the replacement itself can be done in a few minutes) helps to solve a number of serious problems at the same time. It is also worth noting that such tuning can be done not only on 2114, but also on other VAZ cars.

Radiator repair

In some cases, the radiator can be repaired, so you don’t have to buy a new spare part.

Most often, liquid leaks at the junction of plastic and metal parts. If there is a small leak, you can pour a special liquid with a coolant mixture inside the radiator. Thanks to its special composition, this product will seal the defects that caused the leak. If the damage is serious, repairs will no longer save the situation; you will still have to replace the radiator.

To check the tightness of the radiator, you can conduct a simple experiment at home.

1. Fill the bathroom with enough water to submerge the radiator.
2. Close all pipe openings tightly.
3. Lower the radiator under water about 30-50 centimeters. Apply a pressure of 0.2 MPa to it.
4. Watch what happens. If bubbles appear, the system is not sealed and needs to be repaired or replaced.

Do not even try to repair the radiator after side or frontal impacts in an accident. In such situations, he suffers first of all, and no clogging liquids will help you.

Thermostat problems

When the temperature reaches 95 degrees Celsius, the liquid begins to flow through the thermostat. Due to the operation of this unit, the engine requires a minimum of time and resources to warm up. The thermostat is located between the radiator and the engine.

Most often there are two types of faults.

1. The valve closes. If the engine is not warmed up, it is difficult to maintain speed. It may simply stall.
2. The valve opens. During frosty periods, you can operate the car, but you must turn on the heating at maximum speed. Otherwise, the power unit will simply overheat.

If you are unable to move the valve while repairing the thermostat, don't be afraid to lightly tap the housing with a simple screwdriver. This will solve a common problem.

When the thermostat is completely disassembled, the pipes are hermetically sealed, which will prevent coolant leakage. Only after this can you start working.

In general, the choice between antifreeze and antifreeze should not be a problem for you. Choose antifreeze. Although it is more expensive, it lasts longer and allows you to minimize possible problems with wear and tear of the cooling system. The imaginary savings due to antifreeze are not called that for nothing. In the future, you will pay much more to fix the damage caused by the use of antifreeze.

But first, check

However, before you begin dismantling the furnace and making technological changes to its operation, make sure that other parts of the system are working correctly. Improvements won't work if the problem is different.

1. Make sure the pump is running. A broken impeller impairs heat transfer. If your car often overheats in the summer and the heater doesn't work well in the winter, this may indicate this problem.
2. Make sure your thermostat is working correctly. If it is locked, the stove does not heat up at all. Antifreeze does not disappear in a large circle. If it is locked open, the machine (and with it the stove) heats up very slowly, the air becomes a little warm.
3. Make sure the heater fan is running. It should work in all speed modes.
4. Make sure the cabin filter is not clogged. Where? Almost, it's probably your problem. Open the hood, you will find it in the part between the engine compartment and the passenger compartment, approximately in the center.
5. Make sure your heater core is not clogged. It is recommended to wash it periodically (every 2-3 years) with special products.

And only after making sure that modernization is necessary and everything else works, proceed to disassembling the VAZ 2114 stove and modifying it. It is quite possible and even necessary to do this yourself. It is unlikely that car services will undertake such work.

DIAGRAM AND DEVICE OF THE COOLING SYSTEM

The cooling system of the VAZ 2114 is liquid, with forced circulation. Antifreeze or antifreeze is poured into the system as a coolant. In the most extreme case, you can fill it with water, but you can’t drive it for a long time - in winter you can defrost the engine, and during the rest of the season, when the engine is used for a long time on water, the cooling jacket in the block and cylinder head is corroded, and rust accumulates in the radiator.

The VAZ 2114 engine cooling system (SOD) consists of the following elements:

• Radiator. It is the main cooling part in the system and performs the function of transferring heat to the liquid into the surrounding airspace;
• Water pump (pump). The pump creates forced movement of antifreeze in the system, thereby cooling the entire SOD, including the internal combustion engine (ICE). The pump rotates from the timing belt;
• Branch pipes (hoses). Antifreeze circulates through them;
• Thermostat. It regulates the passage of coolant through all pipes or only in a small circle and maintains the required operating temperature of the internal combustion engine;
• Electric fan. The fan is located on the plane of the radiator and, due to the air flow created, cools its surface when turned on. The electric motor turns on only when the temperature set by the sensor is reached (103°C);
• Expansion tank. Liquid is poured into the tank, and when the fan is activated, antifreeze flows into it through the return hose, thereby releasing excess pressure into the SOD;
• Expansion tank plugs. There are valves in the plug that relieve excess air pressure created in the system when antifreeze circulates.

The VAZ 2114 cooling diagram is shown in the figure below:

Cooling diagram for VAZ-2114

The design of the engine cooling system on the VAZ model 2114 is simple and practically no different from the design of any other fuel-injected internal combustion engine of a passenger car. After starting the engine, the water pump is driven by the rotating crankshaft through the timing belt. The pump creates coolant circulation in the system, and the antifreeze passes through a small circle (pump, upper pipe, cylinder block). When the internal combustion engine is heated to operating temperature, the thermostat valve opens and the coolant flows through the lower pipe into the internal combustion engine in a large circle.

RADIATOR

The VAZ radiator is aluminum, consists of a double-row core and two plastic tanks on the sides. Coolant is poured into it through the expansion tank; there is a drain plug at the bottom.

PIPE

The set of cooling system pipes includes:

• Upper and lower pipes (main);
• Metal tube of water pump;
• Filler hose from the expansion tank to the radiator;
• Return hose from tank to radiator;
• Two hoses for heating the throttle valve.

Check the integrity of the pipes (very often they sell defective ones in car dealerships)

Plug, sensors and expansion tank

And a little about the little things that, as it may seem, do not greatly affect the operation of the engine. But still, if the functioning of the plug is disrupted, the engine will begin to boil. And the reason is that it has two valves that, working together, maintain a pressure of just over one atmosphere. Consequently, if the valves become clogged, the pressure in the cooling system increases sharply (the liquid expands, but the air that was in the tank has nowhere to go).

Personally, on my VAZ 2109 the tank once swelled, a little more and it would have burst! Now I’m writing and I’m surprised how things didn’t come to this. When I stopped and opened the hood, I was simply stunned - the tank was round, like a ball, seething, steam was pouring out from everywhere. Therefore, the condition of the plug is extremely important for the normal functioning of the system.

The same is true with sensors - one, which is installed near the thermostat (if the power system has an injector, such a circuit is used), serves not only to generate a signal for sending to the indicator, but also to turn on the electric fan. The signal from the sensor goes to the electronic control unit, which is responsible for promptly turning on/off the electric fan.

COOLING SYSTEM PROBLEMS

As a rule, due to malfunctions in the cooling system, the engine overheats, and this leads to engine failure. Any of the elements may be faulty.

1. It may leak. Possible leakage through aluminum tubes and plastic tanks. Often the plastic outlet for the return hose of the expansion tank breaks off.
2. It may clog, and for this reason the engine will heat up.

Pipes. Because of them, antifreeze leaks due to the fact that the pipe:

1. Ragged.
2. Old and lost elasticity.

Thermostat. Depending on how incorrectly the valve in the thermostat operates, the internal combustion engine can:

1. Overheat (in this case, the antifreeze “throws out” through the expansion tank).
2. Do not reach operating temperature. As a result, the car drives poorly, and in cold weather it is cold inside the car.

Water pump (three main problems):

1. Noise and play in bearings. It is not worth driving with such a defect for a long time; the pump may jam or fall apart.
2. Liquid is leaking through the inspection hole. It also signals the imminent “death” of the part.
3. Broken impeller. With such a defect, the engine overheats very quickly.

• A faulty fan also leads to overheating of the internal combustion engine.

The clamps may be faulty or poorly tightened. It happens that thin hoses become clogged with debris (“return”, throttle valve heating).

Modification of the VAZ 2110 thermostat

If you decide to replace the thermostat with a new one , then at the same time you can immediately modify it