Transmission breather: what is it for and how it works

Breather in the gearbox: operating principle and features

So, in order to understand what a breather is in a car, it should be noted that in fact it is a valve that allows you to reduce the pressure in the crankcase of a sealed unit (engine, gearbox, etc.) A breather, breather or breathing valve is a device through which the container communicates with the atmosphere, and even taking into account the temperature difference in the container, it is possible to maintain atmospheric pressure.

On the one hand, such a valve allows you to relieve excess pressure (equalize the pressure during heating and cooling), and on the other hand, it does not allow oil to leak out of the unit or unit. Also, when cooling, dirt, moisture and dust are not drawn into the unit or assembly. For this reason

engine breather

or box breather is actively used in various cars.

As you know, the gearbox performs the task of converting torque from the engine, after which torque is transmitted to the drive wheels. The box itself is filled with transmission oil, which tends to heat up during operation of the gearbox, expanding in volume. The result is an increase in pressure that needs to be relieved. If this is not done, the pressure in the gearbox will be increased, which will cause oil to leak from the gearbox through the seals, seals and gaskets.

It is not difficult to guess that oil leaks from the gearbox will lead to the lubrication level dropping, the box will begin to work poorly, and will also wear out quickly and actively. First, the driver experiences difficulties and discomfort (gears engage worse), then extraneous noise appears (hum, vibration of the box), then synchronizers, bearings, gears and other gearbox elements fail. In the gearbox, the breather is installed on the gearbox housing cover.

Let us add that breathers are also installed on the engine (engine breather), on the transfer case, gearboxes, and axles. As for the internal combustion engine, the pressure in the unit grows quite actively, as strong heating occurs, some of the exhaust gases inevitably break into the crankcase, etc. To avoid oil leaks as a result of increased pressure, said pressure is “released” through the breather.

Also in the car design you can find breathers on bridges. The fact is that oil is also filled inside the car axle. In this case, as in the case of gearboxes and internal combustion engines, the internal cavity must have communication with the atmosphere in order to avoid an increase in pressure inside the unit.

Another important function of the box or axle breather, as well as the engine, is protection from dust, dirt, water, etc. This is especially true for car axles, since the bridge is an open element (for example, on an SUV) and can be submerged in water or mud when driving through difficult areas.

Let's sum it up

Taking into account the above information, it becomes clear that even with its apparent simplicity, the breather of a gearbox, engine or axle performs a rather important function. This means that the condition and proper operation of this element must be monitored.

This is especially true for SUVs, trucks and special equipment, where in addition to gearboxes and internal combustion engines, breathers are installed on bridges. Such machines are often operated in harsh conditions, as a result of which the gearbox or axle pressure reduction valve may become dirty or fail more often (especially the rear axle breather).

Easy to fix oil leaks from the gearbox

An attentive driver who cares for the car can quickly detect an oil leak. Measurements are taken of oil droplets on the asphalt surface. The appearance of oil indicates that there is a problem that needs to be solved. Ignoring the problem in the future will cost a lot of time and money.

Oil leaks appear on the surface of the gearbox housing. If you don't look closely, they are hard to notice. As the amount of oil increases, droplets appear.

After parking the car, small black oily puddles form on the asphalt. You need to drive the car onto a viewing hole or lift. It will make it possible to quickly find the location of the leak and fix the problem.

The main easily repairable oil leaks from the gearbox:

Loose nut on transmission oil drain.

A common cause of oil leaks, it can be eliminated in less than 5 minutes. When changing the oil in the gearbox, they were in a hurry and did not act carefully. After a while, a loose nut is discovered. Oil oozes through the drain hole and leaves marks on the road surface.

Vibration increases the leak, as the nut moves away more and allows more oil to pass through. Some unlucky drivers managed to completely pour the oil onto the ground during the day. If you don't notice the problem in time, you can end up with a jammed transmission.

The oil dipstick is not inserted correctly.

Drivers do not pay attention to the correct installation of the oil dipstick in vain. Often causes oil leaks. A skewed dipstick does not close the channel tightly enough. When heated, oil leaks out.

If leaks are found on the gearbox housing, you need to carefully inspect the position of the dipstick. To eliminate the leak, it must be corrected.

Reverse sensor.

It is mounted in the gearbox and causes oil leakage if not tightened sufficiently. The driver’s actions are the same as when the nut on the drain is not tightly tightened. You need to tighten the reverse sensor and all the leaks will stop.

Excessive amount of oil.

Experts say that overfilling the gearbox with oil is much worse than underfilling it. An excess amount of oil fluid creates excess pressure in a confined space.

The sealing elements of the gearbox receive additional stress. They cannot withstand the pressure of oil if they are worn out. Excess oil comes out. The problem can be solved by draining the excess amount.

Leaking through the lid.

The cause of the malfunction is wear of the sealing material. To eliminate oil leaks from the gearbox, change the gasket. If chips and cracks are found, use epoxy resin. Levels any damaged surfaces.

The above reasons can be simply and easily eliminated if they are detected in a timely manner. Does not require material costs.

Troubleshooting

No pressure in the fuel rail? Causes:

Clogged fuel filter;
Clogged fuel pump filter;
Fuel pump malfunction;
Malfunction of the fuel pressure regulator (FPR). And with high blood pressure too.

If the pressure in the fuel rail gradually drops, the cause may be:

leaking fuel pump connections;
leaking injectors;
fuel pump malfunction.

Let's check it like this. We clamp the leading rubber hose of the fuel rail:

the pressure has become stable - the fuel module is leaking or the pump is faulty;
the pressure drops - the injector(s) are leaking.

Checking the RTD. Connect the pressure gauge hose to the outlet fitting of the fuel pump and turn on the ignition:

the pressure is low but stable - this means the RTD is faulty and is releasing pressure too intensely.

If the pressure in the fuel rail is within normal limits, we look for the causes of engine malfunctions elsewhere.

Modern cars are equipped with electronic fuel pumps; mechanical ones are found only in cars manufactured before 2000. The task of this component is to ensure an uninterrupted supply of fuel. Everything functions well at high engine speeds, but problems arise when moving to low and idle speeds. Increased pressure damages fuel supply hoses and other system components. The fuel pressure regulator protects against such consequences. If there are malfunctions in it, this can be determined by several signs.

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What is an engine breather and why is it needed?

Everyone knows that the internal combustion engine, the same one that is installed under the hood of your car, does not run on gasoline, diesel or gas, but on their mixture with air. Moreover, it is air, which costs nothing (unlike fuel, for which we regularly pay a tidy sum at the gas station), that is required many times more. But in addition to the influx of clean air and the removal of exhaust gases through the exhaust pipe, parasitic gases are formed during the operation of the internal combustion engine.

A breather is nothing more than a breathing valve that constantly relieves excess pressure that forms inside the engine during operation. The need for this simple, relatively inexpensive part is difficult to overestimate.

Cleaning the crankcase ventilation system | Repair of VAZ 2110

The crankcase ventilation cleaning system on VAZ 2110-2112 vehicles is designed to remove crankcase gases. This system has three hoses:

One is the so-called breather, which runs from the bottom of the cylinder block to the valve cover.
The second is connecting the valve cover and the thick inlet pipe (air filter)
The third - the thinnest - goes from the valve cover to the throttle body

If this system is clogged, problems may arise such as: constant leakage of oil from under the gaskets and seals of the engine, release of oil into the air filter bellows, and contamination of internal engine parts beyond the norm

To avoid this, it is necessary to regularly clean the ventilation system. In addition to checking all hoses for integrity and contamination, be sure to clean the screens that are located under the oil separator housing in the valve cover.

To do this you will need a 10mm socket with a ratchet and an extension, as well as a Phillips-blade screwdriver:

The first step is to remove the valve cover. After this, on the inside you can see two oil separator mounting bolts that need to be unscrewed:

Then remove the cover, as shown in the photo below.

And take out the block to the mesh, which is located under it:

Pay attention to their condition. Usually, if no one has ever cleaned them, you can see something like the following picture (mileage over 150,000 km).

Be sure to rinse this block with grids with gasoline or kerosene to get rid of all deposits and oil deposits that have formed on it over a long time. As a result, you need to achieve at least this appearance.

After this, you can install everything in its place in reverse order. The whole procedure, even with washing, will not take you more than half an hour, so it is better to devote time to it once so as not to worry about it.

Computer diagnostics of cars

Thanks to this method, you will be able to identify the reasons that lead to high use of gasoline. Sometimes it is impossible to clearly identify them, but the computer shows the entire condition of the car as a whole, as well as the condition of the main parts that directly affect the fuel consumption of the engine.

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl+Enter.

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In 1999, AvtoVAZ introduced a five-door version of its VAZ-2110 sedan, which received the factory index VAZ-2112. Due to the fact that the length of the body was slightly shortened, the car became more controllable and maneuverable, while the volume of the luggage compartment was increased due to the modified shape of the rear part and amounts to 400 liters. With the rear seats folded down, its volume almost doubles.

Production of the model continued until 2008, after which the VAZ-2112 was replaced in production by the five-door version of the Priora. Four versions of the “twelfth” model were produced, differing in engines and power.

Since 2001, VAZ-2112 cars in the VAZ-21120 version have been equipped with a VAZ-21120 injection 16-valve engine with a volume of 1.5 liters. This engine developed a power of 92 hp.

With. and a torque of 133 Nm and was considered one of the most popular engines in the LADA 110 family. The engine was paired with a 5-speed manual transmission.

SIGNS AND REASONS OF OIL LEAKING THROUGH THE BREATH

Despite its simplicity, this system is very important, and it is necessary to monitor its performance. One of the most common ventilation problems is oil leaking through the breather. This can become a serious problem in the future, since oil particles entering the manifold and cylinders will clog the channels, and during combustion, increase the amount of soot, which will then enter the crankcase, coking the oil channels, and impairing the operation of the lubrication system.

First option

Modification of crankcase ventilation can be done in several ways. For example, on the M50 you can install an oil separator unit from the M52 model. However. This manipulation does not solve the problem of having a container for draining liquid, external aesthetics and the need to place a water seal.

One of the current solutions to the problem under consideration would be the installation of a HEPA filter, which contains wire and filament components that make it possible to adjust as accurately as possible the amount of gases released. The inside of the oil separator is filled with copper wire wool. In the standard version, the packing should protrude slightly beyond the base of the lid. The corrugated inlet and throttle assembly are thoroughly wiped. After performing the manipulations, the element is checked by mechanical purging for changes in air flow.

As practice shows

, operating a car with an improved crankcase ventilation system does not give you any reason to worry about excessive oil separation. The modification carried out according to the “NERA” principle, after a run of 15 thousand kilometers, shows that the appearance of oil stains in the system has disappeared, and the corrugation remains absolutely dry. The throttle block is also clean. Impurities settle on the wire packing, which, according to the laws of physics, move towards the oil separator cover. The filler periodically requires cleaning by performing a simple procedure of removing the cover and rinsing it with gasoline.

Breather device

Typically, the internal structure of the breather is very simple. Let's look at it using the example of a breather for a gearbox/axle.

External breather housing. It is made of metal, so it cannot be damaged while driving.
Pressure spring. Thanks to it, the mechanism does not need an electrical/mechanical drive, everything is autonomous.
Rubber gasket. It is this that ensures tightness when excess pressure is not released.
Lock nut. The simplest method of fixation: although in other models there are a variety of options.
The breather body itself. The through hole allows the unit to “breathe”, relieving excess pressure.

Although this breather is not used for engines, the principle is the same. An elementary module that you simply cannot do without.

Breather repair and maintenance

Due to its low cost, as well as ease of removal/installation, breather repair almost always comes down to replacing it. But even forgetful car owners who carry out its maintenance from time to time will not need this, since there is simply nothing to break.

All its maintenance comes down to timely cleaning. It is enough to wipe the outside with a rag, and if the stains are old, you will have to use a knife, screwdriver or scraper.

Cleaning the inside is a little more difficult, but still very simple. The breather must be removed (it can be bolted or firmly seated “in tension”) and cleaned with a primitive cleaning rod, which can be made from a piece of wire. We do the same with the oil trap mesh: in rare cases, when it is very clogged, mechanical cleaning will not be enough. And then you need to burn it by pouring just a little gasoline, or soak it in aggressive chemicals for several hours.

Assembly, as is quite predictable, is in reverse order. Therefore, the entire process will not take much time and will not require special tools or skills.

However, this is best done during a seasonal oil change or when undergoing regular maintenance. On most cars with average mileage, it is enough to carry out this simple operation twice a year. But it is the engine breather that confirms the immutable truth: there are no small details in a car, especially a modern one.

Cleaning the crankcase ventilation system of Mitsubishi Lancer 9

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Reasons for changing transmission oil in a VAZ 2109 gearbox

Replacing the transmission fluid in the “nine” box may be necessary for the following reasons:

When extraneous sounds and creaks appeared. Gradually, the liquid loses its properties, and particles of metal and moisture can get into it. In turn, this leads to accelerated wear of parts.
If the transmission fluid has become dark or black in color, it should be replaced regardless of the vehicle's mileage.
Purchasing a used car. Especially when it is unknown how long ago the former owner changed the fluid.

The dipstick, which has 2 max and min marks, will help you find out the level of transmission fluid in the VAZ 2109 gearbox - you need to add it if the level is below the min mark