Generator VAZ 2112: characteristics, repair and replacement

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The service life of a generator varies greatly and depends on the quality of its workmanship. For example, a standard generator can last 140 thousand km, which is almost 10 years of operation.

Which generator is better to choose? First, decide on the manufacturer. It is much easier to find spare parts for Russian generators, while for unpopular generators it is almost impossible to find a replacement for a broken part. Decide on the current strength. From the factory, the tens generator has a current strength of 80A, this is quite enough even if there are additional current consumers. If the generator is missing, then first try to inspect it and clean the contacts. Powerful 120A generators are installed, as a rule, when the car has “strong” acoustics; they do not harm the battery. Anyone who wants to install a 3-level voltage regulator (VR) in the future is recommended to first determine on the manufacturer’s website which generators it is structurally compatible with. They say that generators with the numbers -03- at the end of the model number have a new model LV, which is better than the old one. Also, pay attention to the presence of a guarantee, then you can easily exchange the generator for a new one in case of a defect. By the way, the defect rate of generators is almost 25-50%!

How does he work

First, let's figure out how this device functions. His work scheme is as follows:

• The key is inserted into the ignition switch;
• The current goes to the excitation wires;
• The magnetic field created by the armature passes through the stator windings, and voltage appears at its terminals;
• When the armature rotation frequency becomes high enough, the self-excitation mode begins;
• The rectifier unit provided by the car design converts alternating current into direct current;
• The voltage regulator starts working when the crankshaft rotation speed changes, and the time for which the excitation wire is activated is adjusted.

The presented video will allow you to clearly get acquainted with the principle of operation of the generator.

Functions

Beginners are very interested in the most important question, without which there is no point in trying to fix something on their own - what is the generator used for.

First of all, the generator’s task is to provide energy to all electrically dependent equipment.

The mistake many people make is that the equipment is powered by a battery. The battery is needed to maintain the functionality of the devices when the engine is turned off. It powers the audio system, alarm system, etc.

When the engine is started with the help of the battery, all the reins of power pass to the generator. He is now responsible for the operation of the audio system, air conditioning, power windows, etc.

The second, but no less important task of the battery is to recharge the battery. This happens when the engine is running. If it were not for the generator, the battery would not be able to provide power to all consumers for a long time; it would have to be charged regularly in the garage.

Scheme

Design Features

A standard generator for AvtoVAZ JSC cars consists of the following elements:

1. Back and front covers.
2. Air intake.
3. Brush holder.
4. Rectifier block.
5. Stator.
6. Capacitor.
7. Voltage regulator.
8. Pulley.
9. Rotor.

Some electric generators do not have a built-in voltage regulator. For example, this element is missing in generators for the VAZ-2101.

Brush unit malfunctions

To check the brush assembly, you will need a power source, as well as any 12 V lamp. The power source is connected to the voltage regulator, the lamp is connected to the brush - it should light up. When the input voltage rises to 15 volts, the light goes out. If the lamp burns at a higher voltage, then repair of the VAZ-2112 car generator is necessary. The relay needs to be replaced. As for the brushes themselves, their malfunctions are indicated by a lack of battery charge, too low voltage in the car network, or unstable charging voltages.

The length of the brush should be more than 5 mm. If it is smaller, they need to be replaced. You can also move them slightly in the grooves to check the brushes. Working brushes move freely. If they hang, it is recommended to lubricate them. It is also worth making sure that the slip rings are in good condition - they are checked for wear. If there are marks, the rings are sanded with fine sandpaper. After replacing the brushes, the generator will immediately begin to operate normally. It is important to monitor how the device works and regularly service the VAZ-2112 generator - the price of the unit is low, but with high-quality service, only the brushes will need to be changed.

Types of generators

There are different types of generators for VAZ cars depending on their design. The most common generators are compact in size - 94.3701 and others.

Owners of Russian-made cars install brushless inductor-type generators. For example, devices modification 955.3701. Such generators differ from traditional equipment by the presence of permanent magnets on the rotor and field windings on the stator. Thanks to this, the design of the generator set does not contain slip rings and an alkaline unit, which is one of the most vulnerable and poorly protected.

Principle of operation

The rotor, whose main task is to create a magnetic field, is a shaft on which the excitation winding is located. Each half of it is placed in special pole parts. The slip rings supply current to the winding. The rotor rotates due to a belt drive from the drive. The stator consists of a core and a winding. Here, alternating current is generated, which is sent through the rings further along the electrical network. However, it must first be removed from the frame. In order to supply current to the rings, a brush assembly is used. Then comes the rectifier unit, which converts the alternating sinusoidal voltage generated by the generator. In different cases, different circuits for connecting the excitation windings are used. For example, another separate pair is applied. Current simply cannot flow through the battery if the engine is not running. When connecting the winding in a star configuration, you can increase the generator power by 15%. The generator relay maintains the voltage of the device within the specified limits. It changes the frequency and duration of electrical current pulses. A relay is a set of several sensors and actuators. Their task is to determine how long the field winding should be in the network. If the relay is faulty, then an unstabilized voltage will be supplied to the battery.

Interchangeability of autogenerators

Interchangeability of generators for Lada cars is achieved if the following requirements are met:

• the main technical characteristics of the installed generator are not lower than those of the device being replaced;
• the gear ratio from the internal combustion engine to the generator is the same;
• the devices have similar electrical circuits;
• The new generator is suitable in terms of weight and dimensions and type of fasteners.

Most Russian-made automobile generators have a 2-leg mount. These fasteners are found on both covers. For equipment of foreign brands, installation is carried out using 1 paw, the fasteners are located on the front cover.

In order to correctly install and securely fasten a foreign generator in a car from AvtoVAZ, it is necessary to replace the bracket.

About the current-speed characteristic

TLC is the dependence of the current supplied by a car generator to the on-board network on the rotor speed at a constant voltage. This parameter is calculated when the device is operated together with a charged and serviceable battery with a rated capacity of at least 50% of the rated current of the generator. The characteristic is calculated in the heated and cold states of the equipment.

Main consumer characteristics

1. Maximum current.
2. The magnitude of the operating voltage.
3. Rated power.
4. Gear ratio.
5. Efficiency
6. Dimensions and weight.

The main operating parameters, type and brand are usually indicated on the device label.

What factors should you consider when purchasing a new generator?

When choosing a generator for VAZ cars, it is necessary, first of all, to calculate the total power of all energy-consuming devices and devices in the on-board electrical network. The power of the power source must exceed this total value by 20%.

The type of engine must be taken into account when choosing a generator model. A generator paired with a gasoline engine can be compact and more economical. A diesel generator should be larger and more expensive.

The choice of generator also depends on the technology of combustion of the fuel-air mixture in engines of various types:

Installing a weak power source on the “injector” will lead to its rapid breakdown and damage to the battery.

Criteria for choosing car generators

1. Maximum power . Power is one of the main characteristics of VAZ generators. It must ensure an uninterrupted supply of current and supply electricity to the battery, which is discharged due to the operation of regular electricity consumers at low speeds of the power unit. To perform basic tasks, the device must have the required power. The required indicator is indicated in the vehicle operating instructions.
2. Current strength . The factory generator installed in the car is not designed for a large number of additional consumers, but at the same time it has a certain reserve. If the autogenerator is “not enough,” then before purchasing a new device, first inspect the old equipment, clean the contacts, check the bearings, etc. You shouldn't use 120A generators in every car. First of all, it's expensive. Secondly, the current may be excessive. Such power-generating devices are installed in tuned cars with a powerful acoustic system.
3. Dimensions . Before purchasing, it is also worth comparing generators by overall dimensions. The device must be compact with high technical characteristics.
4. Noise level . The generator should not make too much noise during operation. This “disease” often affects high-power generators that are sold at a low price. One of the main reasons for the appearance of extraneous sounds (hum) is the poor quality of bearings, which wear out quickly.
5. Availability of guarantee . If there is a warranty, you can exchange a faulty device for a new one if it is defective.

Generator VAZ 2110 8 valves brand 94.3701

A generator is a synchronous alternating current electrical device with electromagnetic excitation and a built-in rectifier using silicon diodes.

Design of the VAZ 2110 generator 8 valves brand 94.3701

The figure below shows a cross-section of a VAZ 2110 generator with 8 valves

Technical characteristics of generator 94.3701

• Maximum output current (at 13 V and rotor rotation 6000 min1), A - 80
• Voltage, V - 14.1 ±0.5
• The transmitted engine-generator ratio is 1:2.4
• Rotor rotation direction (drive side) - right

Components of the VAZ 2110 generator

Useful! VAZ 2110 fuse box

Generator device for VAZ 2110

The components of the VAZ 2110 generator device are laid out at the top. Their description is presented in this chapter

Rotor

The rotor shaft rotates in two bearings mounted in the covers. The lubricant added to the bearings at the factory is designed to last for the entire life of the generator. The rear bearing is placed on the rotor shaft and secured by the rear cover through a plastic sleeve. The front bearing is pressed and rolled into the front cover and changes along with it. Its inner race, together with the spacer ring and washer, is clamped by a nut between the pulley and the step on the rotor shaft. The back of the generator is covered with a plastic casing.

* - in case of uneven wear of the slip rings, grooving to a size not less than the minimum permissible diameter is allowed

Stator

The stator is mounted from metal plates connected by electric welding. Phase windings connected into a star are inserted into the internal cavities of the stator. The alternating voltage created in the stator winding is converted into constant voltage by a rectifying unit.

The stator and generator covers are secured with 4 screws.

The generator stator contains three-phase windings. The ends of the phase windings are connected to the rectifier bridge

The winding resistance must be less than 1 ohm. The windings must not have a short to ground.

Useful! Panel of VAZ VAZ 2110

Rectifier block

The rectifier unit is assembled using a bridge circuit and consists of six power limiting diodes. They are pressed into two horseshoe-shaped aluminum radiator plates. One plate contains three additional diodes, through which electric current is supplied to the excitation winding of the generator after the engine is started. The plates are assembled into a rectifier block.

Generator relay VAZ 2110

The figure below shows a general view of the VAZ 2110 generator relay

The voltage regulator is electronic integral. It is combined with brushes. The voltage regulator is non-separable and cannot be repaired. If it breaks, it must be replaced. It is attached to the rear tire of the generator.

Noise suppression capacitor brand K73—21V-100V-2.2uF

K73-21V 100V 2.2 uF class “X” capacitor is designed to suppress industrial radio interference in the frequency range from 0.1 to 100 MHz in circuits of direct, alternating and pulsating currents. K73-21V sealed polyethylene terephthalate capacitors. Available in a metal case.

Parameters and characteristics of capacitor K73-21V 100V 2.2 µF:

• Rated voltage: 100V;
• Nominal capacity: 2.2 µF;
• Permissible deviations of capacity: ±20%;
• Operating temperature range: -60 … +100 °C;
• Loss tangent: no more than 0.012;
• Operating hours: 10000 hours;
• Shelf life: 12 years.

Generator pulley VAZ 2110

On the VAZ 2110 car generator, a pulley is installed under the ridge belt. Its design is shown below:

VAZ 2110 generator pulley diameter:

• Inner diameter - 15.03 mm

Generator brushes 2110

The brushes of the generator 2110 are graphite. The design of the brushes is shown below in the figure:

Generator brush brand:

• 2110-3701470;
• 2110-3701470-00.

Generator brush size 2110:

• Thickness - 4 mm;
• Height - 6 mm;
• Length - 18 mm.

Which generators are better to put on a VAZ?

Below are recommendations for different models of domestically produced cars.

VAZ - 2106

G-222 is a more powerful and stable self-generator compared to the standard G-221. It has a built-in battery charging relay and increased output (50 A versus 42 A), suitable for the “six”, provided that brushes from the G-221 are used or the connection diagram is changed.

VAZ - 2107

The simplest option for modernizing the electrical network is the G-222 device. The generator is installed in the VAZ-2107 without additional problems. This car will fit a device with a current of 55A from model 2108. The only modification that will be needed during installation is the use of an additional power relay.

VAZ - 2110

The standard generator of the VAZ-2110 is KZATE with a current of 80 A. It has a factory index of 5102.3771. Estimated mileage is 140,000 km. As alternative options, it is worth considering devices 94.3701 and 120 A. It is better to install the second generator on a VAZ 2110 with an injection engine in cars with a large amount of additional equipment, in addition to a DVR and a powerful sound system.

VAZ - 2112 and 2114

It is better to install a generator from Priora or Kalina with air conditioning in VAZ-2112 and VAZ-2114 cars. This device produces a power of 115 A, which is 35 A more than the factory equipment. The only difficulty that the owner of 2114 will encounter during installation is the need to replace the pulley.

As an alternative, you can consider an Eldix brand autogenerator with a capacity of 115 A. However, it is difficult to find spare parts for it, which will cause certain difficulties even with minor breakdowns.

Cars with injection engines are equipped with generators with an output of 80A. This is the standard model 94.3701. To increase power, consider the option with KZATE 9402.3701 90A, which is suitable for the type of fastener and has a similar pulley. If necessary, ensure the operation of a large number of energy-consuming devices.

Priora

Video: GENERATOR FROM PRIORA FOR VAZ 2112.

A Russian or foreign-made generator can be installed in a Lada Priora car. One of the best options in terms of operational reliability is Bosch at 110 A. As a domestic analogue, you can consider KZATE 9402.3701-14 at 115 A.

For most cars from the Volzhsky plant, it is better to use Russian generator sets. Among the main advantages of domestic products, we note low cost, ease of maintenance and repair, and a large number of spare parts in stores. A better alternative is equipment from the German brand Bosch. It is better to avoid buying cheap Chinese electric generators.

Source

Possible malfunctions and their diagnosis

Generating equipment is exposed to a variety of adverse effects during operation.

The main negative factors causing generator failure:

• aggressive liquids, dirt, condensation;
• temperature changes, overheating,
• mechanical wear;
• transient processes in on-board wires, contributing to electrical breakdown;
• ugly, ill-conceived exploitation.

Some faults can only be fixed by a professional auto electrician. Most breakdowns are discovered on their own and repaired by an ordinary car owner with the correct hand anatomy.

External signs that draw the motorist's attention to unstable operation of the generator.

1. After starting the engine, unpleasant noises of various nature are heard in the engine compartment, and the smell of burnt rubber is felt.
2. The instrument panel shows that the battery is discharged and is not charging well.
3. There are difficulties starting the engine, the battery has been checked and charged.
4. The light bulbs burn at full intensity, flicker, and change brightness depending on the crankshaft speed. The lighting of the panel and interior is dim.
5. An external inspection reveals mechanical damage to the housing and generator elements.

Possible breakdowns

1. insulation destruction, short circuit, winding wire breakage;
2. overheating, belt rupture;
3. leakage of lubricant, knocking, destruction, jamming of ball bearings;
4. malfunction of electronic parts of the rectifier circuit, regulator.

Troubleshooting Methods

Two diagnostic methods are usually used:

1. Visual control.
2. Metrological testing.

The first option allows you to identify contamination, traces of mechanical and chemical influence. Exceeding the temperature regime is determined by physical contact. After turning off the ignition, you need to lift the hood and slowly move your hand towards the generator. The increased temperature will be felt at a minimum distance, before touching.

To implement the second activity, you need to equip yourself with a measuring device and acquire basic skills in measuring resistance, voltage, and current.

Checking the VAZ 2112 generator with a multimeter

A classic pointer tester, a modern electronic multimeter with a liquid crystal screen, is suitable as a testing device. Set the switch to the “DC voltage measurement” position, limit 0-30V.

1. First step. The ignition is turned off. Battery voltage measurement. The norm is 12.5-12.7V.
2. Second step. The engine is running at idle speed. Consumers are disabled. The measurement shows 13.8-14.5V.
3. Third step. Turn on the lights and music. Normal range is 13.7-14V. Pressing the gas pedal does not raise the voltage by 0.5V. A value exceeding 15V indicates a regulator failure. A faulty generator will not produce more than 13V.

Checking the diode bridge

The tester is in the “resistance measurement” position. The straightener consists of two parts. One clip contains three diodes with anode contacts on the body. The other is with cathode ones. The whole valve in the forward direction will show 0 ohms. The reverse resistance is 600 kOhm. An infinite value means a break; a zero value means the diode is broken.

Winding measurement

To check the field windings, you need to touch the slip rings with the probes of the device. The working value is from 1.8ohm to 5ohm. Readings outside the specified numbers indicate a malfunction.

The stator windings are checked in two modes - among themselves, for ground. In the first case, a value of several ohms is accepted as correct. In the second option, an infinitely large reading satisfies.

The following are practical tips for troubleshooting the most common generator equipment problems.