Do-it-yourself Solex 21083 carburetor adjustment

Published:

29.11.2016

There are a large number of varieties of Solex carburetors on the market. The carburetor is one of the most important parts in the fuel supply process, ensuring the quality of the car.

The Solex 21083 carburetor is a very popular model that can be found on a large number of domestic cars

The Solex 21083 carburetor is a basic version, equipped with diffusers of a minimum cross-section, thanks to which this series has gained immense popularity, as it allows for various types of modifications, such as grooving.

Where to begin

You should start setting up the Solex 21083 carburetor by adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber. This involves directly starting the engine and warming it up for five minutes. Then the motor is turned off and the following steps are performed:

The fuel supply hose is carefully separated to prevent gasoline from entering the chamber during further operation.
The five screws securing the cover are removed.
The choke system cable is removed.
The lid is lifted horizontally with extreme caution so that the floats are not damaged.
In the chamber itself, the fuel level is measured using a ruler or caliper.

The distance from the top level of gasoline to the edge of the sealing surface of the lid should be from twenty-three to twenty-five millimeters. It is necessary to select an average value, since the fuel level is not able to be in a constant state due to the manifold, which itself does not have the ability to be in a horizontal position all the time. If there is a deviation from the norm in the parameters set earlier, then it is enough to bend the float holders to correct the situation.

Some gasoline is then removed and the reverse carburetor assembly process begins. The key word here is reverse, which means performing the same process, but starting from the end.

At the stage of the engine control check, it is necessary, of course, to start it, and then for about thirty seconds observe the flow of fuel into the chambers from the small diffusers, using a small flashlight for a better view. If gasoline arrives, then there is an overflow and another adjustment of the fuel level is required. To carry it out, you need to turn off the engine and re-carry out fuel measurements in the chambers.

Attention!

If the parameters are within the permitted standards, then the adjustment of the Solex carburetor ends here. Then the transition to the next stage occurs.

Basic faults of Solex 21083

There are malfunctions that are most typical for Solex carburetors:

clogging of the fuel jet of the GDS;
the entry of debris into the idle system; the XX jet in the solenoid valve is especially often clogged;
deformation of the lower surface of the main body due to overheating;
failure of the accelerator pump diaphragm;
solenoid valve defect;
loose fit of diffusers in the housing.

If the body is deformed, air is sucked between the carburetor and the intake manifold, and the engine begins to operate intermittently, as the air-fuel mixture becomes leaner. The idle speed is difficult to adjust, and to correct the defect it is necessary to grind the surface on an emery wheel. If the surface warping is significant, grinding will no longer help; the housing must be replaced.

Over time, the accelerator pump diaphragm can crack, lose elasticity, and ruptures appear in it.

Checking the condition of the diaphragm is quite simple; it does not require removing the carburetor. To get to the diaphragm, you need to unscrew the 4 screws of the accelerator pump cover and remove the part. The condition of the diaphragm is checked by external inspection.

Idle mode - second stage

Having completed adjusting the fuel level in the float chambers, the engine again warms up, coming into working condition. Further work proceeds as follows:

The mixture quality screw is located in the recess of the lower part of the carburetor, and then screwed in counterclockwise all the way.
When tightening this part, it is very important to control your own strength, since excessive persistence can lead to thread failure.
Make five or six turns clockwise to remove the screw.
The engine starts again and the choke is removed.
The quantity screw allows you to set the minimum frequency for the motor to operate without interference.
If the device is working properly, then the revolutions are made in an amount from five hundred per minute to one thousand two hundred.
The quality screw is turned at a fairly slow pace until unstable motor operation begins.
Then, in one or one and a half turns, it turns back again for stable frequency activity.
The idle speed is regulated by a quantity screw ranging from eight hundred and fifty to nine hundred pieces per minute; if it is not possible to establish the process, then the quality screw comes to the rescue.

Attention!

The result of adjusting the idle speed is a competent ratio, where the engine operates extremely steadily and with a minimum vacuum.

Ways to eliminate air leaks

Air leaks can be eliminated only by replacing old fuel hoses coupled with careful sealing of the connections. Cleaning the VAZ 21083 carburetor is carried out without dismantling the unit. List of necessary tools and cleaning products:

key to 10;
crosshead screwdriver;
minus screwdriver;
syringe;
200 ml of acetone;
a can of aerosol for cleaning the carburetor;
repair kit

Algorithm of actions.

Unit adjustment

Remove the air filter along with the filter element.
We start the engine.
We spray the aerosol into all visible openings of the carburetor and constantly rev it up.
After visible traces of dirt have been removed, we pull out the choke so that the crankshaft speed is kept within the range of 2500-3000.
We unscrew the solenoid valve and spray the resulting hole with spray, gas it and blow through the hole using a pump or compressor.
After this, turn off the engine and tighten the valve.
Next, remove the carburetor cover by unscrewing several screws.
Using a syringe, remove all gasoline from the float chambers.
Pour acetone into the chambers and leave for half an hour.
We unscrew all the jets, having previously remembered where they were located, and send them into the remaining acetone.
After half an hour, remove the acetone from the chambers using a syringe and wipe off the undissolved dirt with a minus screwdriver wrapped in a cloth.
We remove the jets from the solvent and blow them out with a pump, then screw them into their original places.
Disconnect the fuel supply hose, remove the plug, the O-ring and take out the fuel filter. We replace it. Then screw everything back.
Pour 3 cm of gasoline into the float chamber, put on the carburetor cap and start the car again.

After cleaning the carburetor, the engine should stop stalling without revving up. If there are still dips in the operation of the power unit, the accelerator pump parts should be replaced.

We carry out the operations described above in paragraphs 1-12.
Use a minus screwdriver to remove the accelerator pump nozzle.
Pour gasoline into the float chamber and turn the control lever of chamber 1. If a strong stream comes out of the hole where the sprayer was located, then only replace it.
If the flow is weak, remove the accelerator pump cover and change all the internals.
We assemble the unit.

This completes the repair. We wish you good luck and smooth operation of your car!

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Problems that occur when adjusting the idle speed

Under the right circumstances, the engine should reduce the number of revolutions, and eventually stall completely. But if the quantity screw does not cause any kickback in the engine, then this directly indicates a problem. And it lies in the excessive flow of fuel into the idle channel, which does not allow the quality screw to block it.

Factors that caused the problem:

The installed idle jet is larger than necessary.
The plug is not screwed in well enough or the solenoid valve is not securely fastened, which causes gasoline to leak past the fuel metering hole.
The jet itself or the place for it is deformed.

To find the problem, you need to disconnect the wire from the valve while the engine is running and look at the result. If the engine stalls, then the real problem lies in the incorrectly selected nozzle size. When the engine is running, the defect lies in the fuel bypassing the idle system.

To overcome these difficulties, we get rid of the valve with a plug and look at the condition of the jet, as well as the place where it should sit, to find various local distortions.

The carburetor cover must be replaced if it is possible to detect places of deformation in the area of the seat. If damage cannot be detected, the jet is placed on the valve and the O-ring is coated with oil.

After this, the nozzle is screwed in with a wrench without using force.

How to remove a Solex carburetor

To remove the carburetor from the car for the purpose of repair, maintenance or replacement, it is necessary to disconnect the mechanical, pneumatic, electrical and fuel fittings from it, and then unscrew the nuts securing it to the manifold flange:

Remove the air filter housing by unscrewing the center cover nut and the four flange nuts on the carburetor top studs.
Disconnect the electrical connectors of the limit switch and solenoid valve.
Remove the return spring and disconnect the throttle cable.
Disconnect the choke actuator.
Loosen the clamps and remove the fuel supply and return hoses.
Disconnect the hoses of the distributor vacuum regulator, crankcase ventilation and throttle heating unit.
After unscrewing the four nuts of the intake manifold studs, remove the carburetor.

When reinstalling, special attention must be paid to the tightening of these nuts, since the lower plate of the housing is very easily deformed from excessive force, after which air begins to leak into the manifold.

Correct jet for Solex 21083

The selection of the appropriate jet for adjusting the Solex 21083 carburetor is influenced by the volume of the engine itself. For the primary chamber, fuel samples should be purchased, only then the necessary air analogue is selected for the found model. And finally, it is recommended to start looking for a device for the secondary camera.

The jets that come with the original carburetor are considered exemplary models for further purchases. Experienced craftsmen advise taking them with you in search of new parts.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that to lean the mixture, a nozzle of a larger diameter is taken by one position, and to enrich it, by the same position less.

To control the composition of the fuel mixture in relation to engine speed, emulsion hoses are used. There are three types:

It should be noted that such a mechanism is not installed on engines with volumes of 1.5 liters or more. This causes malfunctions at excessive speeds.

Advantages and disadvantages

Solex has certain inevitable disadvantages, but there are also positive qualities for which owners of domestic cars love them:

High quality build. This includes everything related to materials and the precision of manufacturing of all parts. There is no need to “finish with a file” what is already well done;
Better fuel mixing performance. Since the design of the diffusers is much better thought out than in OZONE carburetors, with proper tuning you can achieve better power output with lower fuel consumption;
The ability to modify and adjust the carburetor, achieving optimal operating parameters;
Maintainability and low cost of spare parts. Compared to modern injection engines, repairing a Solex carburetor is much easier and cheaper;

Well, the main drawback is sensitivity to blockages, which is inevitable for any precisely fitted device. The dirt comes from gasoline, which, as we know, is not of the highest quality. And dust can be pumped from the air bypassing the air filter if there is deformation and cracks in the housing, as well as through holes in the float chamber.

Today you can hear that carburetor cars are a thing of the past. This is partly true, because new standards, including environmental ones, and progress have long dictated a new perception of convenience and comfort. Injectors operate more economically, adapt more accurately to external conditions, and meet new requirements. But it is impossible to simply cross out the huge number of completely normal cars that operate, albeit with an obsolete, but very efficient fuel system.

How long will the Solex carburetor remain relevant? Given its reliability and convenience, cars with this fuel supply system will be in use for a long time. So far, the interest in servicing and repairing the Solex has not waned, since there are quite a lot of cars with it.

Problems with the accelerator pump

The accelerator pump serves to consistently and timely supply a fuel stream through an uncovered carburetor valve. A weak flow or dripping is not considered normal. Spreading fuel along the walls of the diffuser is also taken as a deviation.

The acceleration pump nozzles are inserted into different chamber compartments. However, for speed, they can only be installed in the primary, which in exceptional cases will result in excessive overflow.

Reassembling the Solex in reverse order

Installation of the carburetor mechanism on the intake manifold is possible after washing and repair, as well as some adjustment steps. It is important to connect all fuel and other hoses correctly so that there are no problems with engine operation. The DAAZ 2108–1107–10 carburetor is assembled in the following order:

A gasket is applied to the installation site. It serves to reliably connect two units - the carburetor and the intake manifold.
After this, the carburetor itself is threaded onto the studs and secured with four nuts.
After the assembly has been carefully attached, hoses can be connected. The first step is to connect the vacuum and ventilation hoses.
Next, the heating block is screwed to the carburetor.
On one side, the fuel supply pipe is connected, on the other, the return hose for supplying excess fuel.
The EPHH drive wire is connected to the corresponding screw.
To complete the work, you can screw two wires (air and throttle valves) to the screws.

The strict connection sequence is due to the design features of the carburetor

After installing the carburetor, it is recommended to turn on the ignition and check the performance of the engine unit. If oil or fuel leaks occur at the hose connections, turn off the ignition and carefully check all connections.

All work that a car owner performs to maintain his car must be conscious. There is no need to disassemble the carburetor and replace its parts unless there are obvious signs of malfunction. In addition, when self-adjusting, it is necessary to adhere to clear rules of action. Both poor-quality repairs and incorrect adjustments can seriously affect the performance of the carburetor.

Problems in applying the transition regime

Under special conditions, an area of high vacuum forms under the closed carburetor flaps. When they open sharply, the vacuum can instantly decrease, which causes disturbances in the operation of the primary chamber, forming a failure, since at idle speed gasoline was sucked out of the channel through the nozzles.

To eliminate the consequences, the idle jet or pump nozzles are adjusted, changing in order of rotation, in order to eliminate the resulting difficulties with dips and delays when pressing the gas pedal quickly and abruptly.

It is always worth remembering that this kind of manipulation is carried out exclusively with a preheated engine.

How to flush a carburetor assembly without disassembling it

Flushing the Solex carburetor is recommended by the manufacturer in cases where there are clearly any problems with its operation: increased gasoline consumption, jerks and jolts when driving, unstable idle speed, problems with starting.

The traditional method of washing carburetors is to completely disassemble them into individual components, which is not always possible for an inexperienced VAZ owner to do. To simplify the procedure, a technique was created for washing and cleaning the carburetor without disassembling it into components. This technique is based on the use of special aerosols in cans. The most affordable carburetor cleaners are considered to be aerosols produced by ABRO and Mannol - they can be bought at any auto store for 100–150 rubles.

These cleaners do an excellent job of cleaning carburetor mechanisms, and they are also very easy to use. To flush the Solex carburetor, it is recommended to turn off the engine, let it cool and begin the procedure:

Remove the air filter box from the car and place it to the side.
Unscrew the solenoid valve from the carburetor body.
Place a special narrow nozzle on the aerosol can and spray the liquid on the nozzle channels, the first and second chambers, dampers and all visible elements of the carburetor.
After this, spray the aerosol on the external parts of the mechanism.
Wait 5–8 minutes (depending on the aerosol manufacturer’s recommendations). During this time, the liquid will be able to corrode accumulations of soot and dirt.
Next, you can start the engine so that it removes all remaining dirt.
If during one procedure the carburetor did not have time to be properly cleaned, then you can treat it again with the same aerosol.

After such cleaning, the VAZ 2108/2109 will significantly increase its dynamic characteristics, since the accumulation of dirt will not interfere with the normal operation of all parts of the carburetor.

Video: how to clean the carburetor on a VAZ with your own hands and without removing it from the car

How to replace carburetor parts

Replacing the float, accelerator pump diaphragm, and seals is not particularly difficult. Most often, during repairs, repair kits selected for the type of carburetor are used, which include everything necessary to replace the elements.

The replacement procedure is not regulated in any way: it is enough to remove the damaged part and install a new one in its place. The main criterion: the identity of the elements when replaced.

What troubles can happen with the second camera?

The secondary chamber system cannot be regulated due to the original jets produced at the factory, as well as the econostat located in its planes, since it is this that supplies additional fuel to enrich the mixture when a vacuum forms in the carburetor caused by high speeds.

The acceleration pump nozzle is perhaps the only element that can undergo slight changes in cases where the flow of gasoline does not reach its intended place.

Jet markings

For each carburetor system, jets of different cross-sections are provided, so during repairs it is important to know what cross-section the fuel or air jet is needed. When purchasing a car, it comes with a service book, which outlines the main characteristics and its structure, as well as a jet marking scheme depending on the carburetor model.

The main metering system has fuel jets marked 80 or 95 for the primary chamber and 100 for the secondary. There are also air jets 150, 155, 165 for the primary chamber and jet 125 for the secondary. The idle system includes fuel nozzles marked 38-44 and 50, and air nozzles 170 and 160. In the secondary chamber of the transition system, fuel nozzles 50 and 80, and air nozzles 120 and 150. For the main metering system, a fuel nozzle 85 is provided.

Further maintenance of the carburetor

To prevent the carburetor from seriously malfunctioning in the future, it is necessary to carefully monitor its operation and not run it to a critical state, which precludes independent repairs.

It would be appropriate to purchase the necessary parts of a similar carburetor model, disassembled into parts specifically for these purposes.

For better engine performance, it is recommended to get rid of the forced idle economizer. And timely prevention and precisely selected jets will ensure the most reliable operation of the unit.

The article fully reflects the main goal of adjusting the Solex carburetor starting device, based on many years of practice and consisting in a stable start of the engine at idle, which ensures standard operation of the starting system.

Setting up the launcher

Tools:

open-end wrench 7;
open-end wrench 8;
flat screwdriver;
electronic tachometer or multimeter with its function.

1. Remove the air filter from the carburetor. Pull the “suction” towards you as far as it will go. Next, you will need an assistant to start the engine. At this time, you are watching the starter flap, which should open slightly after starting.

2. If this does not happen, it means that the starter is not adjusted.

3. We begin the adjustment. Warm up the engine, turn it off and connect the tachometer as follows.

4. Pull out the choke and start the engine. The suction valve must be completely closed.

5. Next, use a screwdriver to press on the edge of the damper, opening it 300.

6. Using a 7 key, rotate the throttle position adjustment bolt until the tachometer shows a speed of 3200-3400 rpm.

7. Now use a screwdriver to rotate the starter adjustment bolt, having previously loosened its locknut with an 8 key, until the speed drops to 2800-3000 rpm.

8. In this position, holding the bolt with a screwdriver, tighten the locknut.

The adjustment process can be seen in this video

History and design - what is remarkable about the VAZ 21083?

At the end of the 80s, when the first VAZ 21083 rolled off the assembly line, the carburetor type of engine had a monopoly - they had not even dreamed of VAZ injectors then. From the first days, this model received high ratings from drivers as one of the best in the VAZ series. However, then little thought was given to the price of gasoline, which cannot be said now.

The VAZ 21083 car has 2 doors, a very good streamlined shape, which is important when driving, and also handles well on the road. The main characteristics of this model are a 1.3 liter four-cylinder engine. Some models were produced with a capacity of 1.1 liters, but they did not perform very well. The production of such cars was more of a test nature, and only a few cars were produced.

VAZ 21083 has about 70 l/s in its engine and is capable of reaching speeds of up to 160 km/h. Due to its Solex carburetor, this car model is quite economical. Average consumption reaches 5.5–6 liters per 100 km. The carburetor is very technically well thought out and is not picky about fuel quality.

Solex carburetors were first used in France, where they got their name. At factories on the domestic market, this type of device was redesigned and some changes and improvements were made. Solex-type carburetors began to be installed on cars almost immediately with the first releases of this VAZ model.

The most noticeable change in the engine design was the installation of the carburetor not along, as in previous VAZ models, but across. It was necessary to change the design of the engine under the hood because it was necessary to improve and make the operation of the engine in the car more stable during large ascents and sharp descents. Later, this type of carburetor began to be used and installed on all VAZ cars.

Remove and wash the carburetor

Now we can talk directly about how to clean the carburetor on a VAZ 2109 by removing it and disassembling it.

Be sure to prepare an instruction manual, read it several times first, and understand all the intricacies of the work. Unscrew the fasteners of the air filter cover, remove the filter and housing. Remove the carburetor cover by unscrewing all screws. Remove the float from the chamber, remove the gaskets, check their quality and replace with new ones, if necessary. Remove the main jets from the device. Take out all the other jets and emulsion tubes. Using a screwdriver, remove the retaining plate of the main fuel jet plugs. Unscrew the plugs and pay attention to the copper sealing washers. If they are deformed, be sure to replace them with new ones. Unscrew and remove the main fuel jets from the housing, doing this as carefully as possible

Mark each jet and the location where it was installed so that you can reassemble it in the same order. Remove the fuel filter, soak it in acetone and blow with compressed air, then put it back in place. Fill the float chamber with fuel, and use a tire pump to blow out the emulsion channels. At the same time, fuel and contaminants accumulated inside will begin to come out of the channels. how to remove and clean the injectors. Which carburetor is better to install on a VAZ 2121? Demonstration of a faulty air flow sensor on a viburnum. If necessary, perform this operation several times. Try to make sure that the splashes do not fly in all directions. Clean with acetone, rinse the jets thoroughly, clean them with a toothpick and blow with compressed air. Do not clean the jets with metal objects. Pay close attention to all springs and nuts to avoid losing them. After disassembling the carburetor, clean each element. If you are concerned about the integrity of your own hands, be sure to use protective gloves. The same applies to the safety of the eyes. Do not treat plastic and rubber parts with cleaners, as they can corrode and deform them. After disassembling the VAZ 2109 carburetor has been completed, place the metal parts in a metal basin, fill them with cleaner and let them stand for a while. Stir them periodically to remove dirt from their surfaces. Using a stream of water, a toothbrush and cotton swabs, rinse each part and remove any remaining dirt. Do not poke around inside the parts, as air and fuel enter through their channels and openings. how to clean a gas stove burner. How to clean the grate on a gas stove without. Diesel for VAZ 2108 | forum VAZ 2108, 2109, 21099, 2113. Aerosols and compressed air are suitable for cleaning them. Liquid cleaners can be used 2-3 times, so it is not necessary to get rid of it after the first use. Close it tightly in the container and keep until next use. After all, now you know how to clean a VAZ 2109 carburetor.

At the final stage, all you have to do is dry all the carburetor parts properly and assemble and install it in the car according to the instruction manual. Of course, do not forget to adjust the device, which you will learn about in our materials.

At this point, the washing can be considered complete. The work is quite complex, but it is quite possible to do it yourself with high quality. It is not at all a fact that the service station would have done better.