How to increase idle speed on an injector

Hello, dear car owners! Many still remember the times when our people's cars were the legendary Muscovites and Zhigulis.

And every self-respecting car enthusiast, armed with a wrench and a screwdriver, considered it his duty to adjust the carburetor of his car to suit himself.

Gasoline engines of modern cars are equipped with a fuel injection system. This system is completely tied to the electronic “brain” of the car and it is unlikely to be possible to debug its operation with a wrench and a screwdriver.

Today's car enthusiasts, who want to carry out most of the maintenance operations on their car themselves, have in their arsenal, along with keys and screwdrivers, computers with special software.

Self-adjustment of the injector

Having become the owner of a car with a fuel injection system, often not entirely new, most of us, during operation, begin to notice certain deviations in the engine’s operation that we would like to correct. Either we don’t have enough traction, or it seems to be eating more fuel than it should, or it doesn’t work smoothly. It is in such cases that adjustment of the injector is necessary.

To adjust the injector yourself, you need a laptop with installed software that matches the make of your car and a cable for connecting to the on-board computer. The on-board computer has its own firmware, the “brain” of the car, with the help of which all processes are controlled.

By connecting to the on-board computer, you will be able to observe the vehicle parameters, as well as any errors present. Having a certain amount of knowledge, you can easily remove errors yourself.

And with the help of non-standard firmware, which is now easy to obtain, you can make changes to the main firmware of the car’s on-board computer, and thus customize the dynamics of your iron friend.

Chip tuning: customizing the injector for yourself

Injector tuning or chip tuning is the modification of the electronic engine control system in order to obtain the greatest possible improvement in its performance characteristics.

On an experimental car, the factory software is refined and adapted to local fuel and specific weather conditions, and the fuel consumption settings are perfected.

And only then, using modified software, the injector of your car is configured.

As a result, your car will receive:

fast start
smooth running at low loads,
smooth traction in high gears,
reduction in fuel consumption by 0.5-3 liters per 100 km.

It is strongly recommended that you trust the settings of the injector to qualified specialists working with licensed software. Installing untested software may make you happy with your car's sporting performance, but not for long. Next, as a rule, follows expensive engine repairs.

Adjusting the idle speed on the injector

One of the executing organs of the engine is the idle speed controller (IAC), which is a stepper motor with a conical needle.

The IAC regulates the air supply to the engine, receiving commands from the on-board computer. It is its malfunctions that cause floating engine speeds.

Adjusting the injector idle speed is performed in the following order:

disconnect the battery;
remove the idle air control;
rinse and blow out the landing channel with compressed air, disassemble the regulator, check the guide bushing and replace it if there is increased wear;
visually inspect the needle and replace it if visible defects are detected;
Use a tester to check the serviceability of the regulator winding and clean its contacts;
install the regulator in place, connect the power connector, connect the battery;
start the engine and check its operation in different modes;

The fuel injection system, despite its apparent complexity, is quite adjustable and customizable. With high-quality and timely maintenance, it will delight you with impeccable performance for many years.

Gasoline engines can be equipped with a carburetor or fuel injection system. In the case of a carburetor, it is well known that during operation this system requires periodic adjustment of the idle speed. As for the injector, such a power system operates under the control of the ECU, meaning that there is no need for additional configuration.

However, in practice the situation is somewhat different, since quite often it becomes necessary to adjust the idle speed on the injector. Problems manifest themselves in the form of unstable operation of the internal combustion engine at idle, the speed fluctuates, the engine may stall after starting, overuse fuel if the idle speed is too high, etc.

Next, we will talk about how to adjust engine idle speed on an injection and carburetor engine, and also consider the features and nuances of setting idle speed on engines with the specified fuel supply systems.

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How to adjust idle speed on a carburetor

Let's start with a simpler dosing system. The main advantage of a carburetor is deservedly considered the ability to quickly service the device with your own hands, using a minimal set of available tools.

To adjust the idle speed in this case, you will need to have several wrenches and screwdrivers. The main task will be to set the speed when the engine is able to operate stably, while the crankshaft speed will be the minimum possible for stable operation of the unit.

Let's look at adjustment using the Solex carburetor as an example. First of all, it is advisable to have a tachometer, which will help determine the crankshaft speed. On some cars, such a device may not be structurally present, while on others it is included as standard and is located on the dashboard.

So, before starting manipulations with the carburetor, the engine must be warmed up to operating temperature.
Then you need to press the “choke” all the way, the air damper should be in the fully open position.
Next, the engine is turned off, after which, on cars without a tachometer, you should connect the external device according to the instructions and recommendations.

Operating principle of IAC

This fuel system device operates according to the following algorithm. As soon as the VAZ 2110 has a high idle speed, the controller gives a command to open valve XX, directing the air flow bypassing the throttle valve.

To reduce the frequency value of the crankshaft rotation, he programs the unit to close, while the degree of saturation of the air flow transmitted past the throttle valve decreases.

Checking the idle speed regulator of a VAZ 2110 car for functionality is carried out as follows:

Disconnect all battery terminals to completely de-energize the vehicle.
We interrupt the contact between the harness block and the idle speed regulator coming to it.
Using a professional multimeter, we measure the resistance of the external and internal windings of the IAC, while the resistance parameters of contacts A and B, and C and D should be 40-80 Ohms.
If the instrument scale is zero, it is necessary to replace the IAC with a working gadget, and if the required parameters are obtained, we check the resistance values in pairs B and C, A and D.
The device must detect an “open circuit”.
With such indicators, the IAC is serviceable, and if they are absent, the regulator must be replaced.

When purchasing an IAC, you should carefully study the contents of the box, since counterfeits are very common on the market. Their use can lead to serious engine damage, which will require a large amount of money to fix. How to distinguish an original from a fake is shown in the photo above.

What's the result?

As you can see, independent modifications and adjustments to the carburetor are quite possible in a garage. As for the injector, an ordinary car owner without sufficient experience can only check the IAC with his own hands and clean the device, diagnose some ECM sensors, and also read and reset errors if there is an OBD2 adapter.

Please note that any attempts by unprofessional tampering with the ECU firmware can lead to both failure of the controller and consequences for the engine itself. For this reason, adjustment and tuning of the injector should be carried out only in special cases, entrusting the work exclusively to qualified specialists.

Why do you need to clean the throttle valve periodically? How to clean the throttle valve, training and adaptation of the throttle valve after cleaning, useful tips.

Why the engine may have high idle speed. The main reasons for high idle speed on an injection engine and engines with a carburetor.

The engine stalls at idle: what to check. Possible causes of malfunction on engines with a carburetor, injector, and diesel power plants.

At idle the speed “floats”: why does this happen? The main malfunctions associated with idle speed on gasoline and diesel engines.

Floating engine idle speed when cold. Basic malfunctions, symptoms and identification of breakdowns. Unstable idling of the diesel engine.

Causes of vibration and unstable operation of a diesel engine in idle mode. Possible causes and fault diagnosis.

Stable operation of the internal combustion engine is ensured by compliance with all parameters of the internal combustion engine in optimal mode.

Choosing a replacement regulator

On the VAZ-2110 with both 8-valve and 16-valve injection engines, a sensor with catalog number 2112-1148300 is used. Additionally, at the end of the marking there is a prefix consisting of two numbers, for example, 01, 02, 03, 04. This index indicates the manufacturer of the regulator (01 and 03 - “Pegasus”, 02 and 04 - KZTA)

When choosing a replacement regulator, pay attention to two nuances - the seal and the height of the needle protrusion above the body. Factory spare parts use a red seal, while counterfeits use a black rubber element.

The height of the needle protrusion above the body is 23 mm.

Before installing a new regulator, it is recommended to coat the sealing ring with a thin layer of engine oil to ensure a tight fit of the part in the seat and eliminate the possibility of air leaks.

Idle speed: what is it?

In all devices of a mechanical or electrical operating principle, there is such a thing as idle speed. In simple words, idling is the absence of load, in this case on an internal combustion engine.

The correct operation of the internal combustion engine is shown, in many cases, by the behavior of the engine at idle, that is, vibration in idle mode and the noise of the engine (there are no noise jumps from louder to quieter). If these indicators are stable, this is considered normal engine operation at idle speed (idling speed).

Conclusion.

If the engine is not running stable at idle speed, during surges, or if high speeds persist for a long time, you should first carry out diagnostics for air leaks.

So, the reasons characteristic for increasing injector idle speed are as follows:

TPDZ;
XX regulator;
engine temperature sensor;
the mechanism for opening and closing the throttle valve (gas pedal cable if the gas is mechanical);
intake air intake.

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High engine speed at idle: injector.

The differences in the engine operating modes at idle speed and operation under load are that in the idle mode, the air into the combustion chamber is not directed through the throttle valve, that is, the throttle valve is closed.

For a large number of cars with internal combustion engines, normal fuel consumption at idle is considered to be 600-1000 rpm. However, such problems are observed in many cars - these are increased idle speeds on a warm engine, this is from 1500 rpm and more.

Particularly unpleasant-to-hear engine operation at idle is the floating operation of the engine. When the internal combustion engine “floats” at 20 rpm, it either jumps to 2000 rpm or drops to 700 rpm.

The appearance of a floating idle and consistently high speed on a hot engine arises due to the same reasons.

For injection engines, the reasons for high speeds and floating idle speeds are improper air supply and enrichment or leanness of the mixture. The speed depends on the air supplied to the cylinders. Wide open throttle forces a lot of air into the intake manifold. After which, the electronic control unit (ECU) determines how much air has been supplied, determines how much the throttle valve is open (at what angle), and also determines the necessary temperature parameters, and from here it decides how much gasoline should be supplied. If the electronic control unit, by due to the malfunction, it will not be able to determine how much air has passed through the throttle valve, then the controller will raise the speed by enriching the mixture, that is, increasing the fuel supply. If more fuel is supplied and there is still additional air, which the ECU does not take into account, then the mixture becomes lean, which will cause unstable idling of the injector and may stall.

Repair rules

The idle speed regulator is a special executive function that is necessary for the engine to operate in normal mode. If it turns out to be faulty, the indicator that indicates this fault will not light up. This means that identifying the problem can be quite simple. All that remains is to eliminate it as soon as possible.

The regulator is a stepper motor that makes it possible to guarantee a certain level of air flow that bypasses the closed damper.

The flow level is set by the car's electronics. Such a complex system allows the motor to operate as evenly and stably as possible. Also, the electronic system of the machine performs the function of protecting against external factors, because the engine operates normally under almost any circumstances.

High engine speed at idle: carburetor.

A carburetor engine is simpler than an injection engine in terms of do-it-yourself repairs. There are different carburetors, but SOLEX is considered the best. You can adjust and configure the SOLEKS carburetor yourself. High idle speeds in such engines occur due to a malfunction in the metering device.

Reasons for increased speed in an engine with a carburetor:

The idle speed is not set correctly. To adjust the idle speed, the carburetor has a special idle adjustment screw. Rotation of this screw either enriches or leans the fuel mixture.
The air damper is not able to open all the way.
Due to defects or incorrect adjustment of the actuator, the damper cannot close completely. This is the valve that is located in the first chamber of the carburetor.
Accumulation of fuel in the carburetor chamber where the float is located. Exceeding the fuel level can cause an increase in speed and create jumps in idle speed.

How to adjust the injector

Most car owners who have recently replaced cars with carburetor engines with injection engines do not like the latter. This is due to the fact that on an injection engine it is impossible to change the fuel carburetor jets, and it is impossible to adjust the advance angle. It is for these reasons that such hostility arises. We will now show you how to adjust the injector.

But if you know how to adjust an injection engine, such problems should not arise with it.

How to adjust the injector

You should pay attention to how the system components are connected. After all, the injection engine is controlled electronically, which in turn is controlled by the on-board computer of the car. After carrying out this check, you should turn on the ignition. At this time, the electric pump should pump fuel. If it does not turn on, you need to check the serviceability of the relay responsible for its operation. At this time, a light should light up on the front panel indicating its malfunction. You should diagnose them using an on-board computer connected to a stationary PC equipped with specialized software. Thanks to this, you will be able to see all the characteristics of the machine. If no problems are found, you can start starting the power unit. How to adjust the injector - at the next stage of adjustment, the throttle device is checked. You should very carefully inspect the wires, as well as the TPS and turn on the ignition. Then, using a tester, check the voltage of the on-board network, the sensor, and the degree of throttle opening. Compare the results you get with the reference ones. The sensor voltage reading should be approximately 0.45 - 0.55 V. The voltage value of the on-board network should be more than 12 V, and the throttle opening degree should be no more than 1%. The throttle drive must be adjusted so that it completely closes the throttle valve. Similar measurements must be made by pressing the accelerator pedal all the way. The sensor voltage should be about 4.5 Volts. In this position, the throttle opening degree should be at least 90%. You should also adjust the throttle drive to full opening. Turn off the device that controls the supply of additional air. When starting a hot power unit easily, it is recommended to supply air at a half-open throttle. It is recommended to adjust the throttle drive so that it completely closes the hole.