Selecting spark plugs for a car with gas equipment. What is the difference between gas and gasoline
Last updated - October 21, 2022 at 07:38
After converting a vehicle to gas fuel (most often this is the installation of 4th and 2nd generation LPG), manufacturers of ignition systems recommend installing spark plugs for LPG on the car engine, designed specifically for operation on “CNG” and “LPG” (methane/propane) .
And indeed, some time after installing gas equipment, car owners notice a decrease in the service life of spark plugs, coils, and high-voltage wires.
In this article we will understand the difference between spark plugs for gas and gasoline. Should I install gas spark plugs, or should I limit myself to adjusting the gaps of standard parts?
Before you start disassembling the engine
prepare all the tools, materials and accessories necessary for this. The set for work includes the following items: a mandrel for compressing rings; keys, collars, ratchets, heads and other representatives of the standard repair kit; torque wrench; head for unscrewing the front pulley KV. Traditionally, a 36mm head is suitable; mandrel for centering the clutch disc; set of hex keys; mandrel for arranging valve stem seals; valve desiccant; rags. For greater convenience and efficiency, try to get a bore gauge as well as a micrometer. Additionally, you will need a whole arsenal of various auto chemicals: sealants. ABRO products are highly respected among GAZ owners. To do this job you will need to prepare black and red or clear sealants; ceramic sealant. This product is used to treat the exhaust system; shellac varnish. For example, Done Deal products have proven themselves well; thread locker. An anaerobic type part is used. Recommendations regarding manufacturers of certain products are given in accordance with reviews from the majority of users. In general, you can focus on your preferences and, of course, your available budget, but if possible, try to use materials of the highest quality possible - this will make you much less likely to remember the need to repair the 406 engine of your GAZ.
Checking the spark plugs
When inspecting spark plugs, it is advisable to check their functionality. This is best done on a special stand, which checks sparking under different pressures, simulating the operation of the cylinder.
But you can check it in a simple way, without using a stand. The unscrewed spark plug is connected to the tip of the high voltage wire and the skirt touches the massaged element, often the valve mechanism cover.
It is important that the surface to which the skirt is pressed is not painted.
Next, the ignition is turned on and the crankshaft is cranked several times by the starter. In this case, a bright and powerful purple spark should jump between the electrodes. Moreover, the intensity of the spark should be high and not interrupted.
A weak and faded spark may indicate problems with the ignition system or with the spark plug itself. Missing sparks are also unacceptable.
How to check short circuit?
How to check the short circuit yourself:
- First, disconnect the power cable from the negative terminal of the battery and turn off the ignition.
- Then open the hood and disconnect the two high-voltage cables from the product. Unscrew the bolts and also dismantle the bar along with the product. The second short circuit is dismantled in a similar way.
- The diagnostic procedure itself is carried out using an ohmmeter; its probes are connected instead of disconnected wires. After connecting the probes, it is necessary to measure the resistance level. If the product is operational and in good working order, then the resistance level should be about 0.4-0.5 Ohm.
- To obtain more accurate diagnostic data, you can also short-circuit the tester probes, and then perform resistance diagnostics again. In particular, you are now interested in the secondary winding of the device. If the device is operational, then the resulting value should be around 5-7 kOhm. If the diagnostics showed different values, this indicates that the short circuit needs to be replaced.
Photo gallery “Short circuit diagnostics”
Basic aspects of ignition installation
The main aspects to consider when installing the ignition by marks:
- First, you need to dismantle the front cylinder head cover; to do this, you need to unscrew four 12-point screws. In some engine modifications, dismantling also involves removing the fuel pump.
- Then the upper hydraulic tensioner located in the head is dismantled; to do this, two screws securing the cover are unscrewed.
- Next, the chain stabilizers are removed - the middle one, as well as the top one; for this, the two screws that secure them are unscrewed.
- After this, the camshaft sprockets are dismantled. The shafts themselves need to be fixed using a 27 key, while simultaneously unscrewing the screws that secure them. In modifications of engines 4063.10, the camshaft sprocket is removed along with the fuel pump drive eccentric.
- In accordance with the jig installed on the sprocket, six holes should be drilled in each of them. Their angular displacements should be 2, 30, 5, 00, 7 and 30 degrees from the set position of the factory hole, which is located along the axis of symmetry.
- If, when adjusting the phases, it is necessary to turn the camshaft clockwise, the sprocket itself should be mounted on one of the additional holes with a positive offset. It is located to the right of the standard hole.
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"Gazelle" and standard spark plugs
So, the Gazelle uses candles with long threads. The design consists of a central electrode, a ceramic insulator, a skirt and a side electrode.
A modern piece may include other elements. Replacing the spark plug on a Gazelle 405 (Euro-2 engine) is possible with analogues marked A14BP. This is a domestic version. You can also use the A14DVR model.
Replacement frequency, signs of malfunction
The manufacturer provides for the replacement of glow plugs on 405 and 406 engines installed on Gazelle after 30-50 thousand km.
However, their performance depends on many factors - the quality of the fuel, the correct installation of the ignition, the integrity of the wiring and the absence of breakdown to the housing.
It is recommended to periodically check their condition. The color of the spark plug base may indicate some problems with the operation of the power unit systems.
With a properly installed ignition and high-quality fuel, the base should have a light brown color (popularly called “brick”, since this is the color of red fire brick).
Black color can signal either a missed spark due to a malfunction, problems with wiring or ignition failure, or a violation of mixture formation in the power system.
A clear sign of a malfunction is the formation of an orange band on the spark plug insulator near the skirt. The appearance of such a belt indicates a loss of tightness and the breakthrough of gases through it.
Transfer of ZMZ-402 to AI-92 (factory recommendations) — DRIVE2
ZMZ-402.10:—compression ratio 8.2—compression 10 kgf/cm2—cylinder head height 94.4 mm
— rod length 283 mm (54-1007175)
ZMZ-4021.10:—compression ratio 6.7—compression 8.2 kgf/cm2—cylinder head height 98 mm
— rod length 287 mm (21-1007175-B)
In connection with the planned cessation of production of A-76 and AI-80 gasolines, in order to overcome the current situation, ZMZ OJSC recommends: 12.23.2010
1. When operating 8-cylinder ZMZ engines on Regular-92 gasoline GOST R 51105-97, AI-92 TU 38.001165-97 or Premium-95 GOST R 51105-97, to avoid burnout of the exhaust valves, it is necessary to change the ignition timing setting angle to the side increase by 4° along the crankshaft, which corresponds to 1 division on the scale of the installation plate. After increasing the installation angle, adjust the ignition timing in order to obtain the best dynamic qualities of the car. The adjustment should be carried out on a warmed-up car, preferably with a full load in acceleration mode in direct gear from 20 to 60 km/h,
— for operation on gas fuel, ZMZ has mastered kit 5234.3906571 for supply as spare parts, which includes: cylinder head with valves 66-06-1003007-40, cylinder head gasket 66-01-1003020-05, valve pusher rod 66-1007175 -30, fastening parts (studs). The compression ratio of engines with this kit is 8.5. This kit can be used when converting engines to run on gasoline with an octane number of 92-95.
2. When operating engines ZMZ-4021, ZMZ-4025, ZMZ-4104 on Regular-92 GOST R 51105-97, AI-92 TU 38.001165-97 or Premium-95 GOST R 51105-97 gasoline, a change is required to prevent burnout of the exhaust valves the installation ignition timing angle increases by 4° along the crankshaft, which corresponds to 1 division on the scale of the installation plate. After increasing the installation angle, adjust the ignition timing in order to obtain the best dynamic qualities of the car. Make the adjustment on a car warmed up to 80-900C, moving in direct gear at a speed of 30-40 km/h, give the car acceleration by sharply pressing the throttle pedal all the way,
— trim the lower (adjacent to the block) plane of the cylinder head 4021.1003007 by 3.6 mm and replace rods 21-1007175-B with rods 54-1007175,
— replace the cylinder head 4021.1003007 and rods 21-1007175-B with the head 402.1003007 and rods 54-1007175 (except for the ZMZ-4104 engine).
In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 118 of February 27, 2008, the production of A-76 and A-80 Euro-2 gasoline will cease from 01/01/2011.
General technical specifications
As mentioned above, on the 406 engine the factory installs a perfect carburetor or injector. It is four-cylinder, has an electronic ignition system, as well as control electronics, which allows you to adjust the carburetor or injector to the operating conditions of the car.
These engines also have a special oil cooler installed, which is designed to cool the lubricant, but experts and car enthusiasts agree that this is an extra unit, since when operating such power units, they practically do not overheat. The exhaust and fuel systems, muffler, depending on the modification, comply with Euro 2 standards, as well as other environmental requirements. The cylinders are arranged in-line. The power of this engine depends not only on its modification, but also on the load that goes to the power unit and is regulated electronically.
Popular foreign analogues
German spark plugs “Gazelle” (405 engine) “digest” well. They are also suitable for the 406 unit. Popular brands include Bosch products with models W8D and WR8D, products from Brisk LR17Y or LR17YC. Champion also produces spark plugs for the Gazelle - models NR11Y and NR11YC. Another popular brand is NGK. This manufacturer's models BPR5E and BPR5ES are suitable for these motors.
Denso also offers two models - W16EXP and W16EXP-U.
If you need a spark plug (Gazelle 4216), then all the brands and models presented will also fit this engine. The main thing is that the model has a long thread.
Description
Turnkey 21, suitable for engines 409 BEFORE 2008, BEFORE EURO-3
Spark plug NGK UAZ 409 doors, GAZ 405, 406 doors. long thread SET 4 PCS. ** V-Line No. 6 / BPR5E (7281; analogue 4062.3707000-02)
- article BPR5E (7281; analogue 4062.3707000-02);
- in stock and available for purchase;
- price as of 03/05/21 - 719 rubles;
- Delivery is carried out throughout Russia.
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What kind of spark plugs are there from the factory?
Spark plugs ZMZ 405, 409 from the factory are Czech-made, Brisk brand. I will not further mention this manufacturer in vain, I will only say one thing. In all my “motor practice”, I have never been able to give these candles anything higher than a “three”, according to the school grading system. Let me explain. When the engine is “no good”, that is, like a ZMZ that came off the assembly line, these spark plugs barely serve out their time. But when it comes to something more serious: increasing the compression ratio, running on gas, boosting, problems begin. Uneven engine operation, misfires, etc. Therefore, the option of replacing factory spark plugs with the same new ones is not considered in principle.
Design
These parts can come from a wide variety of manufacturers and may have different designs. Candles also differ in materials. By design, these elements are divided into two-electrode and multi-electrode.
So, in a part that is equipped with two electrodes - one central and one side electrode.
In the second case there are more than one side ones. A larger number of electrodes allows for higher reliability, durability and efficiency. All this will affect the service life.
Unlike a multi-electrode solution, a classic product has only one electrode, which burns out or breaks during operation. In this case, only replacing the spark plug will help. The Gazelle, which has a multi-electrode element, is more resistant to temperatures.
Replacing a carburetor with an injector on a ZMZ-4063 engine
In order to improve technical characteristics, quite often Gazelle owners replace the carburetor system with an injector, although this pleasure is not cheap. For such a modification it will be necessary to purchase additionally:
You may also need various small things, such as gasoline hoses, clamps, fuses, gaskets, fuel filter bracket, etc. The work here is labor-intensive, but the end justifies the means. The advantages of an injector over a carburetor are significant:
Some injector spare parts are expensive, but it is not necessary to purchase them at the store. Excellent quality used parts can be found at car dismantling yards or through advertisements from private traders, especially since you can almost always bargain. Definitely, it is better to buy a used collector (receiver), since it almost never wears out, and there is no point in overpaying here.
Video on repairing the Gazelle ZMZ 406 engine:
I set the ignitions, I want to please you, how you found 3 marks on them and there is no way to set them, there is a nuance and you can fuck with it for a long time and for a long time you still have to look so that the piston of the first cylinder comes to the top position when you set the flywheel and that’s the whole trick, otherwise you can set it like that on 1 and you will have the cylinder set to 4 and put everything on the mark!
And when rotating the flywheel with a 36mm wrench, I came up with a very funny thing, well, I didn’t have a head pipe and an extension cord nearby!
And recharging the hydraulic tensioner took me 5 minutes, I needed to unscrew the key to 19 and a large chisel with a key, I don’t remember how long I inserted the chisel into the upper slot and the key to 19 into the lower groove and quickly untwisted it, but I took the charge and cut it off from the bottle, not a big one rolled up a piece
Features of the ignition coil device
The ignition coil (IC) is a small-sized transformer. A primary winding is wound on its magnetic core, and a secondary winding is installed on top of it, in sections. Both of them are installed in a plastic case, and the space between these components is filled with thermoactive polymer resin.
Also on the case there are low and high voltage contacts for connecting the device. In accordance with the coil connection diagram, low voltage pulses are supplied to the device from the control module. Once inside the device, these pulses are converted into high-voltage charges, which, in turn, are supplied to the SZ. The discharge is carried out simultaneously on two SZ (the author of the video is Alexander Terekhin).
Breakdown of the ZMZ 406 coil
Replacing wiring
Therefore, when integrating new wiring, the connection diagram in the connecting terminals only changes, and for alignment you should use the wiring diagram of the new power unit.
It is certainly not impractical to change the entire electrical wiring of the Gazelle when replacing the engine from 402 to 406.
The fact is that on newer versions of Gazelles, the connection diagram of certain devices also changed:
- Gazelle 406 wiring is integrated into the standard electrical system in the engine compartment;
- electronic components and control devices are connected using terminals;
- The voltage and correct connection are checked using testers.
After assembling the wiring into a single whole, its functionality is checked. Subsequently, the operation of the power unit is adjusted.
Conclusions: Replacing the power unit inevitably affects the change in the standard electrical wiring of the car
That is why it is important to have a visual aid at hand when carrying out such an operation, and the Gazelle’s factory wiring diagram will allow you to avoid mistakes
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