List of filling tanks for UAZ Patriot, volumes of coolant, oil and others

Owners of the domestic UAZ Patriot SUV are well acquainted with home repairs. This car can only conditionally be classified as a modern car, but on the other hand, this can be considered its undeniable advantage, due to its simple design. Thanks to this, owners can carry out a wide variety of repair procedures with the Patriot, including the most complex ones. In addition, this is supported by a developed service base and low cost of parts. Against the backdrop of all this, procedures such as changing the engine oil seem like a very easy task. This is true, and besides, even an inexperienced UAZ Patriot owner can cope with changing engine oil. However, choosing the right oil is a rather responsible task that requires certain knowledge, including parameters and numbers. You also need to know the best brands and how much oil to put in the engine. We will look at all this in more detail in the article.

When replacement is required

The frequency of replacement of consumables for UAZ Patriot, taking into account difficult climatic factors, is on average 10 thousand kilometers. But it must be said right away that this inaccurate indicator can be corrected. The fact is that there are still important factors that influence the replacement schedule. In addition to off-road conditions and sudden temperature changes, rapid wear of the beneficial properties of oil is affected by driving style, sudden lane changes and even traffic violations. The car in question is not designed for driving at high speeds, and is intended exclusively for other purposes. UAZ Patriot is a car that in itself is unreliable and clumsy, requiring timely maintenance. The same goes for regular oil changes. Practice shows that this procedure may be required even earlier than after 10 thousand kilometers. Such cases are not excluded, and in order to avoid premature wear of internal combustion engine components, it is necessary to check the condition of the oil in advance.

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Volume of the UAZ loaf cooling system. What should be the filling volumes of the UAZ Patriot?

Production models of the UAZ Patriot are equipped with digital coolant temperature sensors (hereinafter referred to as DTOZH).

The measuring device is designed to monitor the “degree” of antifreeze and transmit data to the electronic control unit of the ECU.

Based on the received data, the ECU displays information on the dashboard.

The driver reacts to signals from the instrument panel and decides on the advisability of subsequent operation of the technical device.

Due to various circumstances, sensors periodically fail. Since the design is non-separable, the devices must be replaced entirely. Installing a new DTS yourself is not at all difficult, but follow the recommendations in the operating instructions. Violating the regulations is not acceptable.

The appearance of the car

The prototype of the first “452”, called by the people “Loaf”, was the Soviet GAZ-69 car. When creating the UAZ in the fifties, the design solutions and developments of GAZ made it possible to design a suitable chassis with the ability to transport cargo. It was planned to install both an onboard body and a van made of metal on the platform.

In 1958, on the GAZ-69 running platform of an extended modification, a car with all-wheel drive, labeled UAZ-450, was released. The vehicle came in the following versions: a van, a truck with sides, and an ambulance.

The power plant was installed in the vehicle under the driver's cabin, the engine was borrowed from GAZ. The engine with a lower valve arrangement, volume 2.4 cm3, produced 62 horsepower.

The impulse is transmitted to the wheels using a three-stage gearbox and a two-stage transfer mechanism.

Subsequently, on the basis of the brand, the UAZ-451 model was released, which had a rear axle drive. The machine is equipped with a power plant with an overhead valve arrangement, produced by the Ulyanovsk plant. The impulse to the wheels was transmitted by a four-speed gearbox. From the outside, the cabin design acquired features that are still preserved today.

The modernization of the UAZ-450 led to the appearance of the “452” model in 1965, which people called “Loaf” for its characteristic resemblance to a bread product.

UAZ 452 loaf technical characteristics, which led to popularity and recognition, are in demand by sections of society. The seventy-fourth year was marked by the release of the millionth UAZ-452 vehicle.

The plant was awarded many times for its contribution to the development of the automotive industry and for successful modification. Later, the product was awarded the All-Union Quality Mark (1977).

Over the twenty years of production, no changes or modifications were made to the “452”. In 1985, it was decided to change the labeling of cars leaving the factory.

The four hundred and fifty-second was marked as “3741”, the index is still used today.

The “Loaf” in today’s version is equipped with a fuel atomizing engine that meets the Euro-4 standard, a mechanism that prevents wheel locking, and a hydraulic power steering.

UAZ loaf technical specifications

The performance indicators of the UAZ-452 car, the advantage of the model for which the user loves and appreciates this vehicle. The car is not fussy about fuel, is economical, consumption is on average 17 liters per hundred, and a sufficient power reserve is provided by a 50-liter gas tank. The power plant is reliable and breaks down extremely rarely; the main failure is related to the spark plugs.

How to check the condition of the oil

To determine whether the oil has become unusable, you should pay attention to its color and smell. So, if the liquid is colored dark brown and smells burnt, then this indicates mechanical wear of parts, which occurs due to the loss of the oil’s beneficial properties. The situation can become even worse, for example, when the oil contains sediment in the form of dirt deposits and metal shavings. Such and similar symptoms usually occur with high mileage, including untimely replacement. So, it is advisable to check the condition of the oil in advance, and not wait for the replacement schedule. But this raises another question - when exactly should you check the oil.

Transmission oils for UAZ gearboxes, transfer cases and axles, classification of oils

Transmission oils are designed to lubricate parts of manual transmissions, transfer cases and drive axles. They create a durable lubricating film at the contact points of the parts of these units, which can withstand heavy loads. Transmission oils are defined and differentiated according to the classifications generally accepted today: SAE J306 for viscosity, for example 80W, 90, 75W-85 or 80W-90, and API, which contains a comprehensive assessment of gear oils based on performance properties, for example GL-4 or GL-5. In addition, along with the API specification, indicators according to the American military specification, denoted by the MIL index, may sometimes be used. For example MIL-L-2105A or MIL-L-2105B.

Features of the classification of transmission oils according to SAE and API

SAE viscosity grades with the letter W refer to seasonal oils for the cold season, for example 75W or 80W. Accordingly, without W - to oils for warm summer time, for example 90 or 140. However, since the resource of transmission oils is quite long, using seasonal oils in everyday use, changing them in units every six months, is very inconvenient and not economically profitable.

The API classification currently contains five categories - GL-1, GL-2, GL-3, GL-4 and GL-5, which show the applicability and quality level of gear oils. For example, in category GL-5 - oil contains extreme pressure, anti-wear and other additives, used for hypoid and other types of gears in gearboxes and drive axles of cars.

Transmission oils for UAZ Hunter and UAZ Patriot gearboxes

Several types of synchronized gearboxes can be installed on UAZ Hunter cars and all models based on it: a four-speed Russian-made, a five-speed ADS made in China or a five-speed DYMOS made in Korea. On the UAZ Patriot and all models based on it, only a Korean-made five-speed DYMOS gearbox is installed. The plant recommends filling the four-speed gearbox with SAE 75W-90 gear oil according to API - GL-3. The Chinese-made five-speed ADS gearbox and the Korean-made five-speed DYMOS gearbox are SAE 75W-85, API GL-4.

Transmission oils for mechanical transfer case UAZ Hunter and UAZ Patriot

When equipping a vehicle with a four-speed or five-speed ADS gearbox, the plant recommends filling the mechanical transfer case produced by UAZ OJSC with the same transmission oil as the gearbox. This is quite justified, since it is due to the fact that during operation, partial flow of oil from the gearbox is possible into the transfer case. The oil level in the gearbox may drop by 8 mm. relative to the lower edge of the filler hole and will accordingly rise in the transfer case.

When the car is equipped with a Korean five-speed DYMOS gearbox, it is recommended to fill the mechanical transfer case with SAE 75W-90 gear oil according to API - GL-3. Although there is no particular point in this, since oil from the DYMOS box also tends to flow into the transfer case, so it is more rational to fill both units with the same oil to prevent possible mixing of different oils.

Transmission oils for the front and rear axles of the UAZ Hunter and UAZ Patriot

In the crankcase of both axles, the manufacturer recommends using transmission oil SAE 75W-90 according to API - GL-5.

Car as a cause of bad oil

We have already identified the signs of an urgent oil change. Next, let's look at how the behavior of a car can affect the shelf life of consumables. In other words, let’s highlight a few other signs, the detection of which can indirectly suggest that the oil really needs to be replaced.

• Insufficient engine power
• Increased fuel consumption
• Increased oil consumption
• Unclear gear shifting
• Noises and vibrations

If any of these signs appear, it would be a good idea to check the condition of the oil.

Procedure

The procedure for replacing lubricant in Patriot transmission units is not particularly complicated, however, it requires patience and attentiveness from the performer. To complete the work in full, you will need to drain the used fluid from each of the system components one by one, replacing it with new lubricant. For this purpose, it is first necessary to prepare new oil in a volume sufficient for replacement, a set of car keys, containers for used fluid, as well as work clothes.

The task of replacing fluid in transmission units is carried out from the bottom of the car. In service centers, special lifts are used to ensure unhindered access to drain openings; at home, it will be enough to drive the vehicle onto a pit or overpass.

Before performing the operation, it is important to drive an SUV for about ten kilometers so that the lubricant in the system warms up to operating temperature. Under the influence of temperatures, it will become liquid and merge from the aggregates faster and better. Further measures are carried out in accordance with the work schedule for each transmission unit.

Changing the oil in axles

The procedures for changing the oil in UAZ Patriot axles do not differ in execution technology, so let’s look at the procedure for implementing the tasks using the rear axle as an example. In practice, you can successfully perform a replacement by following simple instructions from the car manufacturer:

1. Locate the drain and fill caps, which are located on the rear axle housing. First, you need to clean the surfaces adjacent to the openings with a metal brush from dirt to avoid it getting into the system.
2. Next, unscrew the filler plug to relieve pressure, after which you can unscrew the cover of the drainage hole, having previously placed a waste container under it.

3. While the oil is draining, the plugs must be thoroughly cleaned of metal shavings that may accumulate on the inside of the caps during operation of the machine. After the oil has drained, the oil drain plug is installed in place and clamped with the recommended force.
4. Using a technical syringe, lubricant is poured into the oil filler opening until it begins to flow out of the hole. This procedure will require about 1.3 liters of oil, depending on the quality of the waste drain.

5. Don't forget to tighten the filler cap.

The oil change in the front axle of a UAZ Patriot is carried out in a similar way, with the only difference being that the oil filler and drain plugs must be looked for on the front axle housing. The front axle housing will contain no more than 1.4 liters of lubricant. At this point, the procedure for replacing the lubricant in UAZ Patriot axles can be considered successfully completed. Then you can move on to changing the oil in the transfer case and gearbox.

Changing the lubricant in the transfer case

The methodology for changing the oil in the transfer case of a UAZ Patriot is practically no different from the procedure for changing transmission fluid in axles. To perform the procedure, you will need to find the drain and filler holes, clean the surfaces one by one from dirt accumulations and unscrew the filler plug. Then the waste is removed into the prepared container through the drain opening. Once the liquid has drained, you need to tighten the drain plug and fill the oil through the filling opening using a technical syringe to the limit, which will be a little more than two and a half liters in volume.

Along with changing the oil in the axles and transfer case, it is recommended to change the lubricant in the gearbox, the technology of which is the same as in previous situations. When pouring new oil into the gearbox, the level should be monitored using a special dipstick with which the car is equipped. After filling and running in the car, you will need to recheck the level in the gearbox; you may need to top up the oil to normal.

After replacing the lubricant in all transmission components, you need to start the car and drive it for several kilometers, after which you drive it onto the overpass again and check all the joints for fluid leaks, and if necessary, tighten the plugs more tightly.

How to choose the right oil for UAZ Patriot

The main engine for this SUV is the gasoline ZMZ-409, which is more common than the imported 2.2-liter diesel engine. But whatever the country of origin in which these engines are developed, only the highest quality oil should be selected for them.

Let's consider which oil is best suited for a popular SUV, based on tolerance parameters, viscosity standards, as well as types of oils, best brands and year of manufacture of UAZ Patriot.

Year of release – 2013

SAE parameters:

• All-season – 10W-50, 15W-40, 5W-40
• Winter – 0W-40, 5W-50
• Summer – 20W-40, 25W-50

API Standard:

• Gasoline engines – SN
• CJ diesel engines
• Type – synthetic
• The best companies - Mobile, Castrol, Shell, ZIK, Lukoil, Valvoline, GT-Oil, Xado

Year of release – 2014

SAE parameters:

• All-season – 10W-50, 15W-40, 15W-50
• Winter – 0W-40, 0W-50
• Summer – 20W-40, 25W-50

API Standard:

• Gasoline engines – SN
• Diesel engines – CJ
• Type – synthetic
• The best brands – Castrol, Mobile, Shell, Xado

Year of release – 2015

SAE parameters:

• All-season – 10W-50, 15W-40, 15W-50
• Winter – 0W-40, 0W-50
• Summer – 20W-50, 25W-50

API Standard:

• Gasoline engines – SN
• Diesel engines – CJ-4
• Type – synthetic
• The best companies are Shell, Mobile, Castrol, Xado

Year of release – 2016

SAE parameters:

• All-season – 5W-50, 10W-50
• Winter – 0W-50
• Summer – 15W-50, 20W-50

API Standard:

• Gasoline engines – SN
• Diesel engines – CJ-4
• Type – synthetic
• The best companies are Shell, Castrol, Mobile

Year of release – 2017

SAE parameters:

• All-season – 5W-50, 10W-60
• Winter – 0W-50, 0W-60
• Summer – 15W-50, 15W-60

API Standard:

• Gasoline engines – SN
• Diesel engines – CJ-4
• Type – synthetic
• The best companies are Shell, Castrol, Mobile.

What fluids are needed to operate an SUV?

A UAZ Patriot equipped with a 409 engine, and some other vehicles of a similar design, must be filled with the following working fluids:

1. Gasoline or diesel fuel. The choice of fuel depends on the design of the engine.
2. Transmission and motor oils. They are poured not only into the engine. They are used in the operation of the gearbox, transfer mechanism and axles. Oils reduce friction, ensuring the correct operation of SUV components and preventing their premature wear.
3. Brake fluid. This product is poured into the containers of braking and clutch systems. Brake fluid reduces the friction that occurs between the discs and pads when the engine stops.
4. Antifreeze or antifreeze. They are used to reduce engine temperature and maintain the operation of the interior heating system.
5. Windshield washer fluid. It is poured into a plastic tank located in the engine compartment. Used to clean the windshield or rear window from dirt. To fill the windshield washer reservoir in the summer, use water; in winter, use antifreeze liquid.

Replacing antifreeze on a UAZ.

Conclusion

Based on the information received, we can conclude that for UAZ Patriot, starting from 2013, the best option will be synthetic oil of imported brands. It is also necessary to take into account the viscosity parameters (SAE) and the degree of quality (API). For example, for a 2013 model year car, an all-season synthetic-based oil with recommended parameters of 10W-50 SN is suitable. For the more modern 2022 model, the preferred option would be 0W-50 SN synthetic oil, which is very effective in the cold season.

How I change the oil in a UAZ Patriot engine

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Engine ZMZ-409

Liquids used and filling volumes Niva VAZ 21213, 21214 and 2131
ZMZ 409 is an injection gasoline engine with 4 cylinders in an in-line arrangement and 16 valves. In the 409 engine, the injector system is controlled by a microprocessor electronic unit. This motor was put on the conveyor in 1996. This engine was mainly installed on new and modern domestic UAZ and GAZ cars. The entire generation of these power plants is equipped with a gas neutralizer and is manufactured entirely in accordance with EURO-2 standards.

Modifications of the internal combustion engine ZMZ-409

• The base engine is 409.10 for Euro-2 standard with a power of 143 hp, with a compression ratio of 9, and a torque of 230 Nm. The ignition is modular with a bunch of high-voltage wires, there is a throttle sensor.
• The improved modification 40904.10 differs from the previous version in the ignition system - an individual coil for each spark plug; there is no throttle position sensor (TPS) here; instead, a throttle unit is used to ensure Euro-3. There is an automatic alternator belt tensioner, which is not provided in 409.10.
• Modification 40905.10 is similar to the previous one, intended for Hunter, Patriot SUVs and Cargo and Pickup trucks manufactured by UAZ. Complies with Euro-4 environmental standard.
• The power drive marked 40911.10 has a torque of 219.5 Nm and a power of 125 hp. Complies with Euro-4 regulations, designed for all-wheel drive UAZ trucks with a 4x4 formula (not switchable).
• ZMZ 4091.10 is a deformed low-grade version of ZMZ 40904.10, meets the Euro-3 environmental standard. Has a power of 112 hp, installed on Tablets and Loaves of UAZ 462.
• 4092.10 is a non-serial modification, created specifically for GAZ Volga and UAZ 3160 (all-wheel drive SUV). Torque in the range of 225 - 235 Nm, power - 160 hp.

An increase in power of up to 30% can be obtained by installing a turbo compressor or gas turbine on it. Of course, foreign manufacturers have not made turbocharged engines with a design like the 3M3-409 for many years. This refers to the working volume and “gluttony”. For this reason, it is not easy to find a serial gasoline-powered turbine at an acceptable cost and appropriate size. The best option is the Garrett TB-25 turbine. This model is far from new, but it fully fits into all the parameters of the “3M3-409”.

Maintenance of ZMZ-409

The basic requirement for maintaining a fully operational engine is the use of high-quality fuel and technical fluids. The life of the engine depends on the purity of gasoline, the quality of lubricant and coolant.

You should check regularly:

• engine oil level;
• amount of coolant;
• tension condition of engine belts and chains;
• condition of the injectors. Periodically, if necessary (“motor tripping” and other problems), they should be cleaned.

The critical weak point of the ZMZ 409 is considered to be the pump, the condition of which should be closely monitored and replaced when signs of malfunction appear.

It is important to monitor the condition of the spark plugs

The period for carrying out some operations according to the regulations:

• 6 months/10,000 km – change the engine oil and oil filter;
• 20 thousand km. or 1 year - checking the condition of the crankcase ventilation system, spark plugs, battery, timing chains and belt drives of attachments;
• 1.5 years/30,000 km – inspect the exhaust manifold for burnout, replace the fuel and air filters;
• 40 thousand or 2 years - inspection of hoses and components of the cooling system, replacement of fluid in the system;
• 90-100 thousand km. — Replacement of timing chain and rollers with tensioners.

A new engine with more torque from UAZ has been awaited for a very long time. Of course, the ZMZ-409 did not turn out to be exactly the engine we wanted, but it copes with its responsibilities. Good torque, amazing maintainability, reliability, availability of spare parts - these are, of course, the advantages of the engine.

The disadvantages are insufficient elasticity when driving off-road, demands on high-quality fuels and lubricants (now you need 92 gasoline and good oil), more complex and expensive maintenance.

The 409 is more economical, more predictable and, being timely serviced, does not require intermediate adjustments and adjustments. It has very good potential for modernization and broad commonality with other engines in the line.