Knock sensor error codes P0325, P0326, P0327, P0328

How does the sensor work and why is it needed?

The operation of the mechanism is based on the principle of a piezoelectric element.
This means that if vibration of a different nature occurs in the engine cylinder, a signal will be transmitted to the ECU using electronic pulses. In turn, the final element in this chain will make changes to the operation of the ignition angle. This algorithm of actions allows you to protect components and parts from mechanical damage. On the “fourteenth” in most cases there are broadband mechanisms, but often the manufacturer also installed a resonant type of device, most often on the very first copies of the VAZ-2114

The broadband mechanism is superior to its counterpart in that it has a wider range of capabilities. Such a sensor is capable of capturing noise of various frequencies, which undoubtedly gives the vehicle system additional stability.

The devices operate on different principles, therefore, if the resonant sensor breaks down, it cannot be replaced with a broadband one. The situation is similar in the opposite case. If there is an urgent need to replace or change the operating principle of the mechanism, you will have to purchase a new control unit.

How is it diagnosed?

The operating principle of injection engines is practically the same for all cars. The control unit, which receives information from several controllers, is responsible for the balanced interaction of the components and assemblies of the motor. The knock sensor is one of them, and if it breaks, the engine runs intermittently. For example, let’s look at the method for determining error p0327 on the VAZ Priora ECU. To do this you need:

• warm up the engine to a temperature of 60 °C;
• set the crankshaft speed to 1300 rpm.

Next, you will need to connect the adapter cable to the diagnostic connector and take readings. In this case, the car must do at least 2 drive cycles in advance.

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Knock sensor error (codes P0325, P0326, P0327, P0328)

A detonation error can be caused by various reasons - a low or very high signal from it to the electronic engine control unit (ECU), a circuit error, an out-of-range voltage or signal range, as well as a complete failure of the knock sensor (hereinafter referred to as DS), which happens very rarely.
However, in any case, the Check Engine light on the car’s dashboard is activated, symbolizing the occurrence of a malfunction, and when the engine is running, there is a deterioration in dynamics, drops in speed and an increase in fuel consumption. Often, “dzhekichan” can be detected as a result of using bad fuel, but often it’s all about the contact and wiring of the motor. The error code can be easily read using diagnostic scanners. For an explanation of all knock sensor errors, indicating the causes and methods for eliminating them, see below. There are actually four knock sensor errors - P0325, P0326, P0327 and P0328. However, the conditions for their formation, external signs, and methods of elimination are very similar, and sometimes identical. These diagnostic codes cannot specifically report the cause of the failure, but they can point you in the direction of troubleshooting the knock sensor circuit. Quite often, this is a bad contact in connecting the sensor to the connector or in the contact of its surface to the engine, but sometimes the sensor really fails (cannot be repaired, only replacement is possible). Therefore, first of all, the operation of the engine knock sensor is checked.

Determining and decoding errors on the VAZ 2114

Error p0171

Self-diagnosis of a car allows you to identify faults, but some of them are rarely identified. An odometer is used for diagnostics.

Self-diagnosis of VAZ 2114

The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Press and hold the odometer button and turn the ignition key to the first position.
2. Release the odometer button and press briefly again. As a result, the firmware version will be displayed.
3. Now, to see the error codes, you need to press and release the odometer button again.

Error codes are in the form of numbers from 1 to 9 and two-digit numbers, unlike those displayed by the on-board computer. Thus, you can use the odometer to identify some car faults. The most common errors are shown in the table below.

Diagnosis of faults using special equipment

To identify faults, service stations usually use the car’s on-board computer and a laptop with specialized applications. In this case, it is possible to obtain error codes that correspond to various problems. The most common of them are shown in the table.

If errors occur with other codes, you should read the information about them in the file that comes with the car diagnostic application, or search on the Internet.

The controller clears the memory after turning off the engine with the ignition and disconnecting power from the battery for 10-15 seconds. In this way, you can determine after repair whether the malfunction has been eliminated.

Errors in the VAZ 2114 occur quite often, so the ability to recognize them will not be superfluous to carry out proper car repairs. For correct diagnosis, you will need a computer with a special program and an understanding of the on-board computer readings.

On which cars is this problem most common?

The problem with code P0328 can occur on different machines, but there are always statistics on which brands this error occurs more often. Here is a list of some of them:

• Audi (Audi a4)
• Chevrolet (Chevrolet Captiva)
• Hyundai (Hyundai Accent, Elantra)
• Infiniti (Infiniti fx35)
• Kia (Kia Sid, Cerato)
• Lexus
• Mazda (Mazda 2, Mazda 3, Mazda 6, Demio, Premasi)
• Nissan (Nissan Almera, Xterra, Murano, Teana, Frontier)
• Opel (Opel Astra)
• Skoda (Skoda Octavia)
• Subaru (Subaru Outback, Tribeca, Forester)
• Suzuki
• Toyota (Toyota Avensis, Camry, Rav4, Sienna)
• Volkswagen (Volkswagen Passat, Polo)
• VAZ 2109, 2110, 2112, 2114, 2115
• Lada Kalina, Niva, Priora

With fault code P0328, you can sometimes encounter other errors. The most common ones are: P0132, P0152, P0158, P0171, P0183, P0324, P0325, P0326, P0327, P0329, P0330, P0331, P0332, P0333, P0334, P0400, P0451, P0463, P0496.

Error P0325

DmitryCorsten Blog Error codes for on-board computers of the Samara-2 family VAZ 2113, VAZ 2114, VAZ 2115

Error code P0325 has an official name - “malfunction in the knock sensor circuit.” In English it sounds like: Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Malfunction. It signals to the driver that the engine control unit does not receive a signal from the DD. Due to the fact that some problems have arisen in its power supply or signal circuit. The cause of this error may be very low or very high voltage coming from the sensor due to a break or poor contact in the wiring harness block.

Possible causes of the error

There are several reasons why error p0325 may occur. Among them:

• broken knock sensor wiring;
• short circuit in the DD wiring circuit;
• malfunction in the connector (chip) and/or contact DD;
• high level of interference from the ignition system;
• malfunction of the knock sensor itself;
• malfunction of the engine control unit (abbreviated as ECM).

Conditions for recording error code 0325

The code is installed in the ECU memory on a warm engine at a crankshaft speed of 1600-5000 rpm. if the problem does not go away within 5 seconds. and more. The archive of fault error codes itself is cleared after 40 consecutive cycles without fixing a fault.

To find out exactly what problem caused the error, additional diagnostics must be performed.

External symptoms of error P0325

External signs of this error may include the following situations. However, they can also indicate other errors, so you should always perform additional diagnostics using an electronic scanner.

• The Check Engine light on the dashboard is activated;
• the engine control unit operates in emergency mode;
• in some cases, engine detonation is possible;
• loss of engine power is possible (the car “does not pull”, loses its dynamic characteristics, accelerates poorly);
• Unstable engine operation at idle.

In general, the symptoms of failure of the knock sensor or its wiring are outwardly similar to those when the ignition is set late in the car (on carburetor engines).

Error diagnosis algorithm

To diagnose error p0325, it is necessary to have an electronic error scanner (for example ELM 327 OBD-II). The error detection algorithm will be as follows:

• First, you need to make sure that the alarm was not false. To do this, you need to reset the error using the scanner (if there are no others, otherwise you need to deal with them first) and perform a test drive. If error p0325 occurs again, then we continue further.
• You need to check the functionality of the knock sensor. This can be done in two ways - using a multimeter and mechanically. Using a multimeter, you first need to measure the voltage of the sensor when pressure is applied to it. And also check its circuit to the ECU for an open circuit. The second, simpler method is to simply hit the engine at idle speed in the immediate vicinity of the sensor. If it is working properly, then the engine speed will drop (the electronics will automatically change the ignition angle), which is true that this algorithm does not work on all cars and in some cases, reading the BC signal from the DD works under other additional conditions).
• Check ECM functionality. In rare cases, the program may crash. It is unlikely that you will be able to perform the check yourself, so it is better to seek help from an official dealer of your car manufacturer.

How to get rid of error p0325

Depending on what exactly caused the p0325 error, several options are possible to solve this problem. Among them:

• cleaning contacts or replacing wiring connectors (chips);
• repair or replacement of wiring from the knock sensor to the engine control unit;
• replacing the knock sensor itself, most often this is what is done (this unit cannot be repaired);
• flashing or replacing the engine control unit.

Error p0325 itself is not critical, and the car can get to a car service center or garage under its own power. However, there is a risk that if detonation occurs in the engine, the ECU will not be able to react properly and eliminate it. And since detonation is very dangerous for the power unit, you need to get rid of the error and carry out the appropriate repair work as quickly as possible after its occurrence.

Error p0326

Error code p0326 during diagnostics is deciphered as “ out of the permissible range of the knock sensor signal .” In the English version, the code description is Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance. It is very similar to error p0325 and has similar causes, symptoms and solutions. The electronic control unit detects knock sensor failure due to a short or open circuit by checking that the analog input signal from the sensor is within the required range. If the difference between the signal from the knock sensor and the noise level is less than the threshold value over a certain period of time, then this becomes the reason for the formation of error code p0326. This code is also registered if the signal value from the mentioned sensor is higher or lower than the corresponding permissible values.

Conditions for generating an error

There are three conditions under which error code p0326 is stored in the ECM. Among them:

1. The knock sensor signal amplitude is below the permissible threshold value.
2. The electronic engine control unit (ECU) operates in fuel knock control mode (usually enabled by default).
3. The error is not entered into the memory of the electronic device immediately, but only during the third drive cycle, when the engine is warmed up to operating temperature and at a speed above 2500 rpm.

Causes of error p0326

The reason for the formation of error p0326 in the ECM memory may be one or more of the situations described below:

1. Poor contact
2. An open or short circuit in the car's knock sensor circuit.
3. Malfunction of the knock sensor itself.

Diagnosis and elimination of error code P0326

First of all, you need to make sure that the alarm was not false. To do this, as described above, you need to reset (erase from memory) the error using the program code, and then make a test drive in the car. If the error occurs again, you need to look for the cause of its occurrence. So, the check must be performed using the following algorithm:

• Turn off the ignition and disconnect the wires connecting the computer and the knock sensor from one and the other device.
• Using a multimeter, you need to check the integrity of these wires (in other words, “ring” them).
• Check the quality of the electrical connection where the wires connect to the ECU and the knock sensor. If necessary, clean the contacts or carry out mechanical repairs on the chip fastening.
• If the wires are intact and the electrical contact is in order, then you need to check the tightening torque in the knock sensor seat. In some cases (for example, if it has already been replaced and the car owner tightened it “by eye” without observing the required torque value), the sensor may not be tightened enough. Then you need to find out the exact value of the torque in the reference literature for a specific car and use a torque wrench to correct the situation (usually the value of the corresponding torque is about 20...25 Nm for passenger cars).

The error itself is not critical, and the car can be operated with it. However, this is risky because if fuel detonation occurs, the sensor may report incorrect information to the ECU, and the electronics will not take appropriate measures to eliminate it. Therefore, it is advisable to eliminate both the error itself from the ECM memory and the reasons why it occurred as quickly as possible.

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Error P0504

This malfunction is associated with an incorrect signal from the brake pedal switches. Most often, the cause of such a failure is a malfunction of the brake pedal position sensor, lack of proper adjustment, or a broken spring that is installed in this device. Procedure for checking and troubleshooting:

1. We remove the sensor;
2. Move the rod lock to the right position using a screwdriver;
3. We use a multimeter with an ohmmeter function;
4. On Largus, Vesta and Xray contacts 3-4 should be closed and have a resistance close to zero. Contacts 1-2 are open and their resistance should tend to infinity.
5. When you press the rod on the contacts 3-4 the circuit opens, and 1-2 short circuit If this is not the case, then the sensor must be replaced.

6. On Priora, Kalina, Granta, Niva contacts 1-4 should be closed, and 2-3 open. When you press the rod, the situation is the opposite.
7. Before reinstalling the sensor, move the rod to the left position.

Sensor locations on video:

Adjusting the brake pedal position sensor:

Any driver can carry out this procedure at home without a trip to a service station. The part has two nuts in its design. One of them is on top, and the second is on the bottom. The upper nut adjusts the pressure of the rod. First you need to release the lower one, and then tighten the upper one, thereby changing the gap of the element. You need to ensure that the rod is fully pressed and not partially pressed. After this, start the car and let it run for about 10 minutes to check if the error appears.

How to replace the sensor

Replacing the mechanism yourself is not difficult. It is located between the second and third cylinders; you need to open the hood and provide yourself with unhindered access

It is important that the engine is turned off at this time. As soon as the DD is detected, it is necessary to disconnect the plug going to the sensor wires

If the mechanism is broadband, then to complete all the work you will need a key set to “13”. In the case of a resonant device, you should arm yourself with a key set to “22”. You just need to unscrew the nuts from the stud with a “13” wrench or the piezoelectric sensor itself with a “22” wrench. It is also necessary to clean the contacts with sandpaper to remove all dirt and oxidation. This procedure should not be neglected, because the quality of the transmitted signal depends on the state of the contacts.

Oxidation and various types of plaque interfere with the transmission of a high-quality signal. As a consequence, this leads to a decrease in the level and accuracy of the impulse, which will leave its mark on the operation of the car. After which it is necessary to install a new mechanism and reassemble in the reverse order.

How to Troubleshoot or Reset Trouble Code P0328

Some suggested steps to troubleshoot and fix error code P0328:

1. Visually inspect the electrical wires and connectors leading to the sensor.
2. Check the continuity of the wiring from the PCM to the knock sensor wiring connector.
3. Measure the resistance of the knock sensor and compare with factory specifications.
4. If necessary, replace the knock sensor.

Please note that there are two types of knock sensors, resonant in the form of a barrel and broadband in the form of a ring-washer.

Error p0328

Error code P0328 by definition means that “the output voltage of the knock sensor is above the threshold value” (usually the threshold value is 4.5 V). In English it is called Knock Sensor 1 Circuit High. This error is similar to the previous one, but the difference is that in this case it may be caused by a break in the signal/power wires between the knock sensor and the electronic control unit or a short circuit of the wiring section to the ECU to “+”. Determining the cause is made difficult by the fact that such an error occurs much more often not because of problems with the chain, but because of poor fuel flow into the combustion chamber (lean mixture), which occurs due to clogged injectors, poor operation of the fuel pump, low-quality gasoline or phase shift and installation early ignition.

External signs

Indirect signs by which it can be judged that error p0328 is occurring are similar to those described above. In particular, the Check Engine light on the dashboard is activated, the car loses its dynamics and accelerates poorly. In some cases, increased fuel consumption is observed. However, the listed signs may indicate other malfunctions, so mandatory computer diagnostics are needed.

The cause must be looked for by studying the symptoms, and the search itself must be done by removing the connector for connecting the knock sensor with the engine running. It is necessary to measure the reading parameters and observe the behavior of the motor.

Causes of error p0328

The causes of error p0328 may be the following malfunctions:

• Damage to the knock sensor connector or significant contamination (ingress of debris, engine oil);
• the circuit of the mentioned sensor has a short circuit or open circuit;
• the knock sensor itself is faulty;
• there is electrical noise in the sensor circuit (interference);
• low pressure in the vehicle fuel line (below the threshold value);
• use of fuel that is unsuitable for the vehicle (low octane number) or its low quality;
• error in the operation of the electronic engine control system (failure).

Another interesting reason noted by car enthusiasts is that a similar error can appear if the valves are incorrectly adjusted, in particular, they have too much clearance.

Possible troubleshooting options

Depending on what caused the p0328 error, the ways to eliminate it will be different. However, the repair procedures are completely similar to those described above, so we’ll simply list them:

• check the knock sensor, its internal resistance, as well as the voltage it outputs to the computer;
• make an audit of the wires connecting the electronic unit and the DD;
• perform an audit of the chip where the sensor is connected, the quality and reliability of the contacts;
• Check the torque value at the knock sensor seat and, if necessary, set the desired value using a torque wrench.

As you can see, the verification procedures and reasons why errors p0325, p0326, p0327 and p0328 appear are largely similar. Accordingly, the methods for solving them are identical.

Remember that after eliminating all faults, you must erase error codes from the memory of the electronic control unit. This can be done either using software (preferably), or simply by disconnecting the negative terminal from the battery for 10 seconds.

Error p0327

The general interpretation of this error is called “ low signal level from the knock sensor ” (usually the signal value is less than 0.5 V). In the English version it sounds like: Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Low Input (Bank 1 or Single Sensor). In this case, the sensor itself may work, and in some cases it is noted that the Check Engine light on the dashboard is not activated since the “check” light lights up only when a permanent malfunction occurs after 2 drive cycles.

Conditions for generating an error

On different machines, the conditions for generating error p0327 may differ, but in most cases they have similar parameters. Let's consider this situation using the example of a popular domestic car, the Lada Priora. So, code P0327 is entered into the ECU memory when:

• the crankshaft speed is more than 1300 rpm;
• coolant temperature more than 60 degrees Celsius (warm engine);
• the signal amplitude value from the knock sensor is below the threshold level;
• the error value is generated on the second drive cycle, and not immediately.

In any case, the engine must be warmed up, since fuel detonation is possible only at high temperatures.

Causes of error p0327

The reasons for this error are similar to those described above. In particular:

• poor DD fastening/contact;
• wiring short circuit to ground or malfunction in the knock sensor control/power circuit;
• incorrect installation of DD;
• failure of the fuel knock sensor;
• software failure of the electronic engine control unit.

Accordingly, it is necessary to check the specified equipment.

How to diagnose

Checking for the presence of an error and searching for its cause must be carried out using the following algorithm:

• Check for false positives by resetting the error. If, after recreating the conditions for its occurrence, the error does not appear, then this can be considered a “glitch” of the engine control electronics.
• Connect a diagnostic tool with the appropriate software to the adapter connector. Start the engine and warm it up to the operating temperature of the internal combustion engine (if the engine is not warmed up). Use the gas pedal to raise the engine speed above 1300 rpm. If the error does not appear, then you can finish here. If it appears, continue checking further.
• Check the sensor connector for dirt, debris, engine oil, etc. If present, use cleaning liquids that are safe for the plastic sensor housing to remove dirt.
• Turn off the ignition and check the integrity of the wires between the sensor and the computer. An electronic multimeter is used for this. However, a broken wire, in addition to error p0327, also usually causes the above errors.
• Check the knock sensor. To do this, you need to dismantle it and measure its internal resistance using the same electronic multimeter, switched to resistance measurement mode (ohmmeter). Its resistance should be approximately 5 MOhm. If it is very low, it means the sensor has failed.
• Continue checking the sensor. To do this, turn on the multimeter to measure direct voltage (DC) within a range of about 200 mV. Connect the multimeter probes to the sensor terminals. After this, use a wrench or screwdriver to knock in the immediate vicinity of the sensor mounting location. In this case, the value of the output voltage from it will change. After a couple of seconds the value will become constant. If this does not happen, the sensor is faulty and requires replacement. However, this testing method has one drawback - sometimes the multimeter is not able to detect the slightest voltage fluctuations and a working sensor can be mistaken for a faulty one.

In addition to the check steps related to the direct operation of the sensor, make sure that the error was not caused by extraneous sounds, such as vibration of the crankcase protection, knocking of hydraulic compensators, or simply that the sensor was poorly screwed to the engine block.

After eliminating the malfunction, do not forget to erase the error from the ECU memory.

What you need to know about the phase sensor

So, what is a VAZ 2114 phase sensor, how to find it and what are its signs of malfunction?

Device and purpose

DF installation location

DF is a regulator necessary to obtain data on the functioning of the vehicle engine and transmit this information to the ECU. As for the design, the DF consists of a sensitive component as well as a pulse converter. The design of the latter, in turn, includes an operational amplifier, an output stage, and a bridge circuit.

The sensing component located inside the structure operates on the principle of a Hall regulator. Its purpose is to transmit an impulse at the moment when a magnetically conductive component is located next to the microcircuit. As for the location of the VAZ phase sensor, it is located on the side of the cylinder block, next to the air filter element.

Malfunctions

A device failure can be identified by certain signs:

• increased gasoline consumption;
• malfunctions in the machine’s self-diagnosis;
• decreased dynamics when accelerating a car;
• Errors 0343, 0340 or a Check lamp may appear on the control panel.

The light bulb Check usually appears if the DF is inoperative.

How to connect DF correctly

Check and replacement

To check on an eight-valve engine, you must perform the following steps:

1. At the multimeter terminal V1, you need to set the voltage to 13.5 volts; this probe is connected to pin E. At the second pin, which is connected to pin B, you need to set the voltage to 0.9 volts.
2. After closing the contacts, a screwdriver or plastic steel should be brought to the end of the regulator. And if the DF is functioning properly, the voltage at output B should drop to 0.4 volts. If the readings differ, then the DF should be replaced (the author of the video is In Sandro’s garage).

As for the sixteen-valve engine, the principle is slightly different:

1. The multimeter is set to operating mode V2, the voltage at output E should be set to 13.5 volts, and at output B to 0.4 volts.
2. We again bring a screwdriver or plate to the DF body. If the DF is working normally, the voltage level will increase to 0.9 volts

To perform a replacement, you need to do the following:

1. First you need to turn off the battery by removing the terminal from it.
2. Using a 10mm ratchet wrench, unscrew the screw securing the device to the cylinder block. Disconnect the wires that are connected to the DF.
3. Remove the DF and replace it with a new one. It is a good idea to clean the pad contacts from dirt or oxidation.

How to change a knock sensor

The process of replacing DD with VAZ 2114–2115, 2110–2112, as well as Priora, Grant and Kalina, is quite similar. For all of the listed cars, the knock sensor is located on the outside of the cylinder block, under the 2nd and 3rd spark plugs. Here are the step-by-step instructions:

1. Disconnect the battery.
2. Disconnect the power supply.
3. Unscrew the DD fastening bolt (socket wrench 13 mm).
4. We clean the mating surface on the block with fine sandpaper and degrease it with gasoline.
5. Screw in the sensor and tighten the bolt to a torque (10–25 N×m).
6. We connect the power supply.

Then we connect the battery. Using a diagnostic scanner or mobile application, we remove the error.

Nuances of self-diagnosis of the VAZ 2114

When carrying out diagnostics at specialized service stations or independently, various results and error codes can be obtained. Not all drivers know that faults can be identified without an on-board computer. An odometer is used for this. A significant drawback of such diagnostics is the addition of error numbers into a single sum. For example, if an error of 8 and 1 occurs, the odometer will display the number 9. The device's memory is not automatically cleared, so error codes will be displayed until manually reset by disconnecting the battery terminals for a few seconds.

Resetting the "checkengine" error

As you can see from the video, the error can be reset by following these steps:

• Turn off the engine, but leave the car's ignition on.
• Disconnect the car battery terminal and wait a few seconds.
• Reinstall the terminal and start the engine.

The error will be reset after these steps, but if it is caused by serious malfunctions in the engine, it will occur again. In this case, the best option would be to contact a service station.

Symptoms of malfunction

The main driver symptom of P0328 is the MIL (Malfunction Indicator Light). It is also called Check engine or simply “check light”.

They can also appear as:

1. The “Check engine” warning light on the control panel will light up (the code will be stored in memory as a malfunction).
2. The motor can operate, but with reduced performance (drop in power).
3. Jerking and detonation in the engine.
4. Increased fuel consumption.
5. There may be no symptoms other than a stored DTC.

Error P0328 is not considered very serious. When it appears, serious problems with the car's handling are unlikely to arise, but a slight drop in engine power is possible.

Error Diagnosis Methods

In 2022, errors on the VAZ 2110 on-board computer can be identified in two ways.

Self-diagnosis VAZ 2110: error codes

To enable self-diagnosis mode, the driver or technician will need to perform a certain sequence of actions.

If everything is done correctly, one of the following symbols will light up on the device:

Also, error 14 VAZ 2110 or another two-digit number will indicate the presence of two problems. Usually, with such a picture, the ciphers are summed up. For example, error 10 VAZ 2110 may indicate problems in circuits No. 4 and 6.

How to reset errors on a VAZ 2110

Typically, the procedure is carried out after repairing the unit for which the fault code is responsible. In this case, the symbol does not disappear - it must be forcibly reset. This is done quite simply. The user is required to enter the service mode (hold down the daily mileage button), then double-click on any control. After completing the manipulations, a code will appear on the display. To eliminate this, the daily mileage button is pressed for 3-4 seconds and the system is reset. The machine exits the dialog box automatically after 30 seconds of inactivity.

Self-diagnosis

To carry out repair and maintenance work on the vehicle's engine management system, a diagnostic tool should be used. In service centers this can be DST 2M (DST-10, DST-12), for self-diagnosis an OBD-II scanner ELM327 (price about 200 rubles, see the AliExpress catalog) and a smartphone with installed software (for example, OpenDiag) are suitable. or an on-board computer installed in the car.

How to view Shnivy's errors

To check existing faults on a car, you can perform two procedures.

1. Self-diagnosis. The technique allows you to quickly find the area of ​​the breakdown when the check light comes on on the road. The downside of the operation is the mediocre accuracy of determining the failure zone.
2. Diagnostics using a third-party device. The test requires connecting a diagnostic scanner to the car, through which you can read the codes and accurately identify the damaged unit.