To improve the performance of your car, you can install a Niva engine from a foreign car without modifications. The VAZ-2121 has long been considered one of the best domestic cars both in terms of engine power and driving performance. But now this car model has become outdated, and many motorists are trying to somehow improve it. What engine should be installed as an analogue to the 1.7 liter petrol injection engine?
Replacement problem
The fact is that to replace the engine on a VAZ-2121, you can choose almost a dozen different engines, but they are all from foreign cars. But the main problem is that you will have to do some additional work during installation, for example, install or change fasteners, add new parts. Because of this, it is not so easy to find a budget replacement option. The choice is significantly narrowed down to just a few options. For an engine to be suitable for installation, it must meet several conditions:
Which engine should you consider first?
Niva 3S automatic transmission, automatic (part 1)
Niva
21213. Installed ICE-3SFE (2l), automatic transmission (automatic transmission), steering rack, power steering, etc.
As was said, many engines from other cars can be installed on the VAZ-2121, but the most preferable are
: XUD9TE, D8A. 1.9 l, 90 hp, fits perfectly into the Niva, has 190 Nm at 2200 rpm, spins up to 4400 rpm, weighs a little more than 120 kilograms, will need heating of diesel fuel for the winter.
The second contender is an import diesel turbocharged FIAT-CMD with a volume of 1.93 liters. and 90 hp, the cost of a new engine ranges from 280,000 to 297,000 rubles, but this is not profitable and it is better to buy a used one.
Read
Another option can be used with BMW 1.6-1.8 liters; diesel is even much better.
Possible from a Mercedes 1.8 liter
. Many people have an engine
from Fiat Ducato 2.3 liters, however, this option is not the most budget-friendly and not the most powerful; the previous options are better suited for the Niva.
To finally tune the Niva, you can install a turbine, turbocharged Nivas, an incredible picture. However, the installed turbine can have a bad effect on the transfer case and it simply won’t hold up.
KEY-DOP
Installing a turbine on a Niva costs 35,000-50,000 rubles. It should also be remembered that the standard engine
Niva copes with the turbine, but its power is not enough; you can try to play it, but most often without success.
Basically, the work of the turbine is that, due to the exhaust gases, more friction is acquired, it brings a sensitive gain in horsepower and torque
Regarding driver safety
sitting in a VAZ 2121 car with replaced engines, we can say that there is a threat to him. In general, the Niva is a reliable car created according to Soviet GOST. However, by replacing the engine with a more powerful one, as stated, more than 120 hp, the car may simply fall apart on the road.
Diesel for Niva: solving problems of self-installation
Improved Niva
The injector installed on the Niva, although it reduces fuel consumption, is still not the most economical option in urban conditions with traffic jams and other delays. On the highway and during long trips outside the city, this is not felt so much, since the car works without stops and downtime. Due to the unprofitability of cars in urban environments, drivers are thinking about a good and effective replacement for the old injection-type engine in their car. The best option would be a diesel engine for the Niva. It has approximately the same power characteristics, but its fuel consumption is comparatively lower. Also, diesel is less capricious in terms of fuel quality. What options from this category of motors are worth detailed consideration?
The first and most worthy candidate is the XUD 9 SD from Peugeot. This engine was used to create a modified version of the Niva - model 212151 with a French engine. It can be installed on the Niva without any problems - the fastenings of the parts and the assembly are identical, the motor fits perfectly in size, and in addition, there are some advantages from its installation.
In fact, this is the only option that suits all parameters.
Engines Peugeot XUD9, XUD9A, XUD9SD, XUD9TE
Peugeot diesel engines are considered among the best. The French automaker offers a large selection of cars with this power unit. They are characterized by endurance, quality, power and good maintainability. One of the popular Peugeot diesel engines are various modifications of the XUD9 series.
The assembly of the first engines of this series began in 1982 and continued until 2005. They were assembled at several factories at once, and installed not only on cars of the French concern, but also on products of other automakers. Engines of this series could be found on Peugeot 305/306/309/405 models, Expert, Partner, as well as on products from other manufacturers. The French Peugeot began using the engine in 1982 and used it until 1998. The XUD9 was also purchased, for example, by CITROEN for its BX, Berlingo, Xantia and Xsara models from 1982 to 2005. FIAT purchased the engine for the Scudo from 1996 to 1998, and ROVER for the 200 from 1989 to 1995. FSO installed this powertrain in its Polonez from 1992 to 1997, and TALBOT installed it in its Horizon from 1982 to 1987. But the most interesting and remarkable thing is that even the domestic auto giant LADA also used a French engine to equip the Niva between 1993 and 1998.
ATTENTION! A completely simple way to reduce fuel consumption has been found! Don't believe me? An auto mechanic with 15 years of experience also didn’t believe it until he tried it. And now he saves 35,000 rubles a year on gasoline! Read more". This is the first engine model from which all other developments and modifications came.
It was first demonstrated and began to be used on French cars in 1982. At that time, it was one of the brightest and best developments in diesel engines. At the same time, subsequent modifications allowed the engine to remain relevant and in demand over a long period of time. Its main advantages were reliability and long service life. Most owners of cars with this engine note that it can easily travel 500 thousand kilometers before major repairs without serious breakdowns
This is the first engine model from which all other developments and modifications came. It was first demonstrated and began to be used on French cars in 1982. At that time, it was one of the brightest and best developments in diesel engines. At the same time, subsequent modifications allowed the engine to remain relevant and in demand over a long period of time. Its main advantages were reliability and long service life. Most owners of cars with this engine note that it can easily travel 500 thousand kilometers before major repairs without serious breakdowns.
However, it also has some disadvantages. For example, many car owners do not like the low location of the expansion tank - this makes servicing the car very difficult and makes it inconvenient. The second nuance is the cylinder head gasket, which breaks through any decrease in the antifreeze level. As it turned out, the main disadvantage of the engine was that every hundred thousand kilometers it requires expensive valve clearance adjustments. It is important to timely replace the fuel filter, otherwise the injection pump will need to be repaired. The peculiarity of replacing a fuel filter is that its expensive glass often breaks easily during the process. Another disadvantage of the engine is that at long runs there have been cases of pre-chambers falling out into the cylinders.
The unit has the following characteristics:
| Engine capacity in cubic centimeters | 1868 |
| Fuel/consumption liters per 100 kilometers | Diesel/6.9 |
| Supply system | Prechambers |
| Horsepower | 71 |
| Cylinder block/head | Cast iron R4/aluminum 8v |
| Stroke/Bore in millimeters | 88/83 |
| Compression ratio | 23,5 |
| Torque at rpm | 125/2500 |
| Maximum power at rpm | 71/4600 |
| Engine Features | Four cylinders, in-line, two valves per cylinder, timing belt drive |
The Peugeot company installed this engine on:
- Partner minivan from 1996 to 2002;
- J5;
- Ranch;
- Partner Space;
- Mk;
- 205;
- 305/Mk/Break;
- 309/Mk
In addition, the motor was used on the following cars:
- CITROEN – BX/Break;
- ROVER – 200;
- SUZUKI – Samurai/Sierra;
- TALBOT - Horizon;
The engine uses 5W-40 oil and fills 4.5 liters. Belongs to the environmental class EURO1/2. The approximate resource is about 500 thousand kilometers.
Modified options
Since it is not always possible to supply an engine of a certain foreign car, it is worth considering imported production options that require a little modification:
- The first candidate will again be the French engine from Peugeot XUD 11 series. Since the power of this unit is higher than that of the previous model, some changes will need to be made to the design of the Niva - replacing the gearbox. An acceptable option is a gearbox from Fiat Polonez. In addition, a good solution would be to replace the front supports of the power plant fasteners, pan and exhaust system. It is also worth replacing the drive elements with similar parts from the Chevrolet Niva.
Attempts by the plant to install diesel
The manufacturing plant made attempts to install a diesel power plant on the Niva-2121 car. It was planned to use a 1.5-liter turbocharged engine. Cars equipped with such engines that underwent testing turned out to be low-power. But attempts to equip all-wheel drive with a promising internal combustion engine continued. The Chevrolet Niva diesel car, which turned out to be unpromising, was equipped with a large-volume engine.
Soon the factory workers abandoned attempts to equip the SUV with a diesel power unit. The model remained out of series.
History of diesel engines on Niva
The desire to improve fuel efficiency and add strength to the model was undertaken more than once by the manufacturer itself.
Thus, in 2014, the engine from Fiat cars under the general name MultiJet was actively tested on the VAZ-2121. This power unit received the title “Engine of the Year” back in 2005, and it was actively installed on the Fiat Doblo. It is difficult to call the technical characteristics of the motor outstanding from the perspective of today:
- Working volume – 1.3 l.
- Torque – 180 Nm.
- Installed power – 85 hp.
When testing the engine, it turned out that modernization of transmission elements is required, since a unit with a torque of up to 165 Nm can be installed on the Niva. Given the crisis in the country at that time, a good idea was postponed for an unknown period of time.
Another indirect example of attempts to introduce a diesel heart was the release of a trial batch of Chevrolet Niva to the market. The Togliatti company began installing diesel engines. They even managed to get permission to keep the trademark.
The Chevrolet Niva model received a set of two diesel engines - a naturally-aspirated diesel engine and an engine with a turbo prefix. The machine had the following technical characteristics:
- Working volume – 1.9 l.
- Torque – 195 Nm.
- The installed power of the naturally aspirated engine and turbo is 100/120 hp. With. respectively.
- Fuel consumption is about 7.5 l/100 km in mixed driving mode.
With such equipment, the Chevrolet Niva lost in dynamics, and the workmanship did not satisfy customers. Perhaps for this reason, such a machine was not widely used.
Calculation for a foreign internal combustion engine
Numerous experiments with the Niva Chevrolet diesel engine have shown that a foreign car engine of similar volume and power (no more than 120 hp) is significantly superior to a standard gasoline engine.
The installation of domestic Barnaul diesel and foreign aspirated engines, on the contrary, did not reveal any serious advantages. The car turned out to be sluggish, the maximum speed and elasticity dropped, and the characteristic tractor sound of a running diesel engine was annoying. Therefore, the optimal solution is to install modern turbocharged engines, which eliminates most of these disadvantages.
The ideal option for a new “heart” for the Chevrolet Niva is considered to be engines from the XUD SD line from Peugeot. These motors are well known from such models as the Peugeot Partner, 307 and other cars of the concern. The engine life exceeds 500 thousand km with timely maintenance.
The advantage of this diesel engine is that it is installed on standard mounts under the hood and docked with a VAZ gearbox, which greatly simplifies the amount of alterations. In some cases, a Fiat Polonez gearbox with an original clutch is installed with the same engine. This hybrid Niva consumes only 7.5 liters of fuel per 100 km, and the torque of 195 Nm is enough for off-road and comfortable driving on the highway.
Practical advice for installing a diesel engine
When deciding to install it yourself, you should pay attention to the following experience.
Among the possible units that the designers of both the classic car and the Chevrolet Niva considered was the Peugeot engine with the index XUD-9SD. Not the most powerful unit (from 69 to 75 hp) is highly reliable. When planning such tuning, you need to be prepared to make some modifications:
- Replace the gearbox. Among the options, a box from Fiat Polnes was offered, as it would work with such an engine. But it won’t be easy to find a unit from a car that is now rare.
- Clutch mechanism. When searching for a box, they immediately select a clutch mechanism, which must ensure transmission of rotation and match in size.
- Engine support points. When installing on the Niva, the front engine mounts required modifications.
- Pallet shape. Taking into account the dense layout of the Niva’s engine compartment, the pallet requires an original shape, and was often made individually.
- Exhaust system. Minimal modifications to the exhaust piping are required.
In some cases, to increase the safety margin, it is noted that it is necessary to install front-wheel drive parts from the Chevrolet Niva model. But with gentle operation, such modification is not necessary.
The serial Niva with this engine was produced until 2009 and was mainly exported. With a certain amount of luck, the car can still be found in advertisements for sale. A special feature of the car is its low dynamics. The car reaches the first hundred in only 25 seconds.
What is the best engine to install in NIVU to replace the original one?
Every motorist dreams that the engine in his car would be more reliable and stronger. Owners of NIVA
They know firsthand that sometimes just a little bit of power is not enough to pass some obstacle.
In the standard NIVA,
the engine is rather weak and everyone knows this; in one of the posts I talked about how to inexpensively increase the power on a NIVA by 40%.
Someone like this tuning
It seems unreliable and tedious.
Therefore, Niva
go a different route and install engines from other cars.
Serial Niva with diesel engine
From the very beginning, engineers at the plant tried to implement the idea of installing a diesel engine on the Niva 2121 model. For the Niva it was planned to use a domestic version of the 1.5-liter turbodiesel engine. With such a unit, prototypes were unable to effectively cope with off-road driving due to insufficient power. The next step was the installation of a similar diesel engine on the 3- and 5-door versions of the Niva, but with an increased displacement to 1.9 liters. These attempts were not successful; the diesel Niva with the indicated internal combustion engines did not make it into the series.
Engine design: diesel, in-line, 4-cylinder, longitudinally mounted. Working volume: 1905 cm3 . One of the modifications of this diesel engine, when installed on the Niva, provided the vehicle with the following dynamic performance and performance characteristics:
| Maximum power: | 48 kW (69 hp) at 4600 rpm |
| Torque: | 121 Nm/2200 rpm |
| Maximum speed: | 120 km/h |
| Acceleration 0-100 km/h: | 25 sec |
| Average fuel consumption per 100 km: | 8.0-8.7 l |
The Niva with such a diesel engine turned out to be economical and performed well off-road, since the Peugeot xud9sd diesel engine provided the all-wheel drive vehicle with decent low-end torque. An additional advantage of the imported diesel engine on Niva was its reliability and relative ease of repair and maintenance.
As for the dynamics, the Niva 2121 with the Peugeot xud9sd engine accelerated to “hundreds” very slowly. The emphasis was placed on the main purpose of the car - increased cross-country ability on all-out off-road conditions. The Niva model with a Peugeot diesel engine was included in the series, but the car was produced in limited quantities and was also exclusively exported. In 2009, serial factory production of the diesel Niva completely ceased.
Advantages of diesel
A car engine running on diesel fuel for off-road vehicles is a lifesaver for workers in agriculture, the forestry industry, mining organizations, and so on. Compared to its gasoline counterpart, it has more advantages.
They are:
- in powerful torque when operating at low speeds;
- uses cheap fuel when driving on difficult roads;
- Compared to the gasoline version, diesel has a long service life;
Among the disadvantages, it is worth highlighting the frequently occurring problems with the fuel pump and the high cost of its repair. There is frequent malfunction of the injectors, and problems arise with turbine pressurization.
Installing a diesel engine on a Niva
One of the available options is the independent installation of a diesel engine on the Niva. To do this, you can use the services of large tuning studios or private professionals who modify cars. You can also install a diesel engine on a Niva yourself if you have some experience and specialized tools. You need to be prepared for the fact that in order to legally operate the car after replacing the engine, you will definitely need to register the changes made with the relevant government agencies.
In the process of selecting a diesel unit, many people wonder which diesel engine to put on the Niva. There are a sufficient number of diesel engines that can be installed on this car. Diesel engines of Japanese and European brands are most often installed on Niva with their own hands. The main requirement is the suitable physical dimensions of the power unit for placement in the engine compartment of the Niva.
The need to make changes to the design begins with the mounting features of the diesel engine. The second nuance is the increase in load on the front axle after installing a diesel internal combustion engine on the Niva, since an engine of this type is often heavier. For this reason, it is necessary to further strengthen both the suspension and the body after placing the engine. Almost always, the standard gearbox will also need to be replaced.
The list of general changes to the design of the Niva for a diesel engine includes: replacement of front engine mounts, modified sump, changes to the exhaust system. The engine cooling system is also subject to modernization. The cooling radiator is often changed (a radiator from a GAZ Gazelle car is suitable).
Changes are also being made to the chassis, individual elements are replaced with reinforced ones. For a regular Niva, they can be borrowed from Niva-Chevrolet. As for the operation of diesel engines, it is separately recommended to install a diesel fuel heating system.
You can also install a Peugeot diesel engine with the xud 11 index on the Niva, but in this case the gearbox will need to be changed. The VAZ gearbox with this engine will not last long. The solution is a gearbox from the Fiat Polonez model. Additionally, you will need to install another clutch. No less often, diesel engines from Japanese cars are installed on the Niva. Units with the Toyota 3c/ct index with a power of 80 and 100 hp are suitable. To replace the gearbox, you can use a 5-speed gearbox from the Noah model manufactured by Toyota.
The best option would be a diesel engine and gearbox, which were originally designed to work in tandem. In this case, the task is simplified due to the correspondence of all attachment points, as well as the coincidence of the axes of the internal combustion engine and transmission shafts. This approach eliminates difficulties in the process of combining a diesel engine and gearbox, and also significantly increases the service life of the associated components. There is no need to calculate what torque a particular gearbox with different diesel engines can withstand.
Advantages of installing a diesel power unit instead of gasoline or LPG. Choosing a suitable diesel engine for GAZelle and UAZ (UAZ) to replace a gasoline engine.
Comparison of gasoline and diesel engines. Advantages and disadvantages of diesel, reliability of diesel engine, features of its maintenance and operation.
Why does a diesel engine have a higher efficiency compared to gasoline engines? Torque and speed, diesel fuel energy.
Why oil leaks from the engine breather: signs and main causes of such a malfunction. How to understand why oil is flowing through the breather, troubleshooting.
Causes of noises and knocks when operating a gasoline engine in different modes. Detonation, knocking of hydraulic compensators, ignition faults and other reasons.
Diesel engine power increase module. Types of chip boxes, features of connection and operation of these blocks. Advantages and disadvantages of a tuning box.
Flaws
- Vibration at speed 80-90 km;
- Unreliable timing tensioner design;
- Ignition module;
- The fuel pump is noisy;
- Low torque;
- Long stroke of the gear lever;
- When the timing chain breaks, the valves bend;
- Vibration of the gear lever;
- Poor dynamics on the highway due to insufficient power.
PS. Dear Nivovody! I look forward to your comments, questions and feedback on the problems that have arisen, weaknesses and shortcomings during the operation, maintenance and repair of the VAZ 21213 engine.
Niva engines have excellent technical characteristics and have proven themselves to be quite reliable power units. At the same time, it should be understood that, like all other VAZ power units, they are not without drawbacks.
The disadvantages of this motor include:
- increased noise;
- tendency to vibration;
- increased oil consumption.
Such problems often appear after a mileage of 100,000 kilometers. Car owners need to closely monitor the condition of the cooling system.
From Priora
One of the most popular tuning options for domestic classics and Nivas is the installation of a 16-valve engine from Priora. Thanks to the unification of many spare parts, installation problems are minimal. Even with a 1.5 liter engine there is a good increase in power, but it is worth considering the fact that the gearbox is not designed to work with such loads, and the axles will not be very happy either.
Other engines
Some owners install Japanese-made diesel engines on their Niva. The most common are the 3C and 3ST engines from Toyota. Both of these power plants have the same displacement, but differ in power. The 3C engine has a power of 79 “horses”, the 3ST has 100 hp. With.
Just like the design for which the XUD-9SD is intended, the car undergoes some modifications to ensure the functionality of the motor. At the same time, using the designated Japanese power plants, it is rare that parts of the box are changed. Then the gearbox remains standard, but no guarantees are given regarding the durability of its operation.
The car is not afraid of off-road conditions
Along with a Japanese-made power unit, some owners also replace the gearbox. In most cases, a 5-speed gearbox from a Toyota Noah minibus is used.
Some craftsmen install diesel power plants on the Niva from:
The main factor in the installation process is the overall dimensions of the unit. It should at least approximately correspond to the dimensions of the standard engine.
Next, structural changes are made that will allow you to secure the unit in your apartment. Some power devices have significant weight. Therefore, after installation on the car, the suspension is strengthened. It is worth considering that certain changes in the body structure made to change the engine reduce its strength. Often, after the work has been done, the body needs to be strengthened.
Additionally, the box will have to be replaced and modified. It’s great if the unit and gearbox are used from 1 car. Then there is no need to adjust the mounting points and maintain the alignment of the motor and gearbox shafts. Otherwise, even a small deviation in alignment will lead to frequent malfunctions, especially in gearboxes.
Today, a Niva with a diesel engine is no longer a dream – it’s a reality. You can touch it with your hands and take a picture. You can even ride it if you're lucky.
I was lucky and got to test drive the VAZ-21215, a car born in Togliatti. which has a fiery engine instead of a heart” from Peugeot – Citroen Moteurs (PSM). The French, as you know, know a lot about matters of the heart. It is no secret that the heart of Lada has partly belonged to Porsche for many years now. The desire to make the products of the Volzhsky Automobile Plant more competitive not only in the foreign market, but also - recently - in relation to the current market situation in Russia, the desire to have several sales markets (“not to put all your eggs in one basket”) - it is these two natural desires that determine the strategy searching for a partner. And the discovery strategy.
PSM has long and successfully offered everyone “a wide range of diesel, gasoline, and liquefied gas engines with power from 20 to 200 hp.” The Volzhsky Automobile Plant has long been looking for a diesel engine that would fit perfectly into a VAZ car. And although PSM’s proposal was not the only one. The choice fell on this company. Why? We asked Vladimir Trofimov, deputy technical director of the Lada-Export joint-stock company, to answer this question - a company created, according to him, to develop all modifications of the VAZ car that the market requires, but cannot be made on the Volzhsky Automobile Plant's production line.
– Lada-Niva VAZ-21215 cars with a diesel engine are produced at one of the divisions of Ladaexport JSC in the city of Chekhov, Moscow region. Here, the Niva is equipped with an XUD-9L diesel engine with a displacement of 1900 cc and a power of 65 hp.
The choice of PSM engines is not at all accidental. This company is well-known and reputable. It is a branch of the Peugeot-Citroen Automobile group, which has two divisions - Peugeot and Citroen, which produce cars of the same name.
PSM engines, especially diesel ones, are known throughout the world as the most economical and environmentally friendly. They have a very well-developed design of the exhaust emissions reduction system, eliminating the need to install additional catalysts, neutralizers and other devices. That is, this engine is environmentally friendly. It is sold on the French market under the “green” brand, and therefore its installation on our car immediately eliminates the toxicity problem. And this, as you know, is now the most relevant in the European market, especially for VAZ.
The second argument in favor of choosing a partner was the following circumstances: PSM is the world's leading manufacturer of diesel engines: the company produces 800 thousand engines per year. This is a leader, everyone focuses on him, and working with him has allowed us to reach a level that does not raise any doubts among customers either about the quality of engines or about the capabilities of cars with these engines.
The fact is that PSM is precisely designed to adapt its engines to any brand of car. It supplies engines to Rover and many European and Italian brands produced in small quantities, including all-wheel drive ones. And the company’s policy, like the policy of the Volzhsky Automobile Plant, is to work directly with designers, without an intermediary.
Which, in fact, made it possible to combine the efforts of PSM designers and the VAZ Scientific and Technical Center.
Joint work both in France and in Tolyatti for almost a year - exchange of drawings, prototyping, installation of engines on cars, in a word, the whole range of research and development work of the two leading designers, confidence that the Niva diesel car is made to a high standard technical level. At a level confirmed both by the specialists of the STC of the car plant (there is VAZ certification) and by the homologation of the VAZ-21215 car in France.
The French approached work on this project, as usual, very seriously. They are responsible for their engine, they give a guarantee of their development: the PSM engine is guaranteed in the “vehicle-engine” operating system. That is, in this case we have an ideal approach to engine development specifically for VAZ cars.
Self-installation of a Peugeot engine
There are also Nivas on which diesel owners install diesel engines in makeshift conditions, or they turn to Special 100, which specialize in changing engines.
Options for which diesel unit to install
to Niva, significant volumes. The most common diesel engine for our client is the XUD-9SD from Peugeot. In the end, it turns out that version 212151 is made from an ordinary Niva by changing the engine.
Such a diesel engine is much easier to install on a car, since the mounting points on the XUD-9SD are exactly the same as on the original internal combustion engine. It is worth considering that, in addition to changing the motor itself, some modifications have to be made. It is also possible to install on the Niva, instead of the XUD-9SD, the XUD 11 unit, produced by the same Peugeot.
In addition to the engine itself, it will be necessary to change the gearbox. This is due to the fact that the original VAZ gearbox will not be able to withstand the loads that the diesel engine
unit. Instead of a VAZ box, a Fiat Polonaise gearbox is often installed. It is used because the same XUD-9SD unit was installed on the Polonaise. The clutch housing is also installed together with the gearbox.
Already today, owners who convert the Niva to the XUD-9SD diesel engine also additionally change the front mounting supports of the unit. The pallet also undergoes transformations. It will also be necessary to redo the exhaust system. To ensure additional reliability of front drive parts, some parts are replaced with similar ones from Chevrolet Niva .
To ensure proper cooling of the power plant, the standard radiator is often replaced with a radiator from a Gazelle. At the same time, the rubber pipes are also changed. It wouldn’t hurt to install a heating system for diesel fuel during cold weather that allows accounting (software) to be maintained.
After all these alterations and modifications, you will need to submit documentation to the traffic police.
