GAZ cars are honored workers of our roads. They are often used to transport goods and passengers. Every owner of this brand knows how important it is to timely service the machine so that it remains in service for as long as possible. Therefore, for many car enthusiasts the relevant question is what should be the tire pressure on a cargo and passenger GAZelle.
Rubber parameters, At indicators
The size of products for such trucks depends on many reasons. A special role is played by:
- ratio of the total number of wheels and driving elements;
- the year the vehicle was manufactured;
- engine modification.
One of the veterans of the model range is the GAZ 2705 with a 4x2 wheel arrangement and a hub diameter of 13 centimeters. Size standard:
- type of tires - 185/75;
- disk size - 5.5J×16 ET106;
- the diameter of the imaginary circle (drill) is 6×170 millimeters.
For 4x4 vehicles, the typical tire size has different values. The width of such products is slightly larger, which guarantees better contact with the road surface. For model 3221 4×2, the standard parameters look like this:
- double hub radius - 13 cm;
- type of disk - similar to the option discussed above;
- tire type - 175/75 mm.
When considering what is the optimal tire pressure on a GAZelle Business or Next car, you need to remember that there are a total of 7 varieties of this vehicle. And it is Next that is the newest modification produced by the car plant since 2013. The total number of wheel elements is 4, the leading ones are 2. Basic parameters:
- type of tires - 185/75;
- disk size - 5.5J×16 ET106;
- drilling - 6 by 170 millimeters.
All these standard values are not set by chance. Only when using the appropriate tires can you eliminate the possibility of premature wear of the tires and chassis, and also make the car more obedient and controllable.
Despite this, car owners often install tires on their trucks whose typical characteristics do not correspond to those specified by the manufacturer. In such a situation, when choosing suitable products, pay attention to a number of important nuances:
- Profile width - makes it possible to calculate the size of the area of interaction between the tire and the wheel element. It is best to take options 175-215 mm.
- Diameter is the leading indicator. It is quite acceptable to set the size to 21 inches.
- Profile height - determines the value of the contact spot. Standard: 75-85 mm.
Before figuring out how many atmospheres to pump into the wheels of a GAZelle, you need to understand in detail all the subtleties and features of choosing products. If you use tires that are not suitable in size, you will not be able to eliminate the occurrence of various problems. For example:
- If the diameter or width is too large, it will inevitably interfere with the fender liners. Because of this, plastic lockers quickly fail and require replacement.
- Large parts can damage the mudguards, again leading to additional costs.
Particular attention should be paid to the profile height. If you plan to use the vehicle for cargo transportation, choose tires measuring 85 millimeters. The car will be easy to drive, which will make it possible to avoid a lot of problems on the roads.
Truck owners constantly ask themselves the question of how many atmospheres the pressure should be in the tires (wheels) of a GAZelle. After all, one of the main responsibilities of any motorist is to control the required level of At - the indicator must correspond to the norm (neither higher nor lower). Finding information on the specified characteristics recommended by the manufacturer is not difficult. To do this, look under the hood of the vehicle: in the engine area there is a small metal plate containing data on the typical tire size, their optimal diameter and the corresponding atmosphere value. If you cannot find it in the engine compartment, carefully examine the door pillar and look for it there.
Where to see the necessary indicators
Detailed information about the vehicle can be found in the technical operating manual (instructions). Usually the car owner receives it upon purchase. If you have neither the time nor the desire to look for a book, look at the tire markings. The manufacturer makes marks on the sides, indicating the required values for drive axles and tandem pairs. The numbers most often differ, so it is better to find out the recommended ones in advance.
Interesting Facts
Over the long history of GAZelle production at the Gorky Automobile Plant, many interesting events have occurred. Some of them relate to the wheels of this car.
- An all-terrain vehicle with low-pressure tires was created on the basis of the GAZelle car (be sure to read the article about all-terrain vehicles with low-pressure tires). The diameter of its wheels is 24 inches. The width of this tire is 1,300 mm.
- The Tetris game is built into the dashboard of the GAZelle-NEXT car.
- In 2014, the GAZ plant opened a branch in the Turkish city of Sakarya, where cargo-passenger models of these vehicles are produced.
- The NEXT model has a claimed top speed of 134 km/h, but in reality the car can reach higher speeds.
- The declared resource of the GAZelle-NEXT engine is 500,000 km, that is, it is a half-million-dollar engine.
- GAZ is developing electric vehicles based on the GAZelle, as well as unmanned vehicles.
What is the optimal pressure in the rear and front tires (wheels) on a GAZelle?
The Gorky Automobile Plant produces several modifications of cars of this type. Moreover, each model has its own characteristics, which is why their recommended AT parameters are not the same. The existing differences can be explained simply by the difference in wheel load.
So, the value for a lightweight version with sides will be approximately 2.6-2.7 atmospheres. For a heavy vehicle for passenger transportation, this figure will already be 3.0-3.5.
We also note that the volume of air in the product directly depends on the season and scope of use of the vehicle. For clarity, let’s consider two identical trucks, whose work routes run along a dirt and asphalt road. Vehicles operating on a primer require 2.6-2.8 atmospheres because they drive on an unsteady surface with poor grip. For a car traveling on asphalt, the norm will be 3.5 At, because an increase in the contact spot in such a situation is not required.
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Starting and stopping the engine
The operating temperature range of the engine oil must correspond to the ambient temperature at which the bus is operated. In cases where the ambient temperature is below the operating temperature range of the engine oil, it is necessary to start the engine after preheating it.
Before starting the engine, check the coolant levels in the cooling system, oil levels in the engine crankcase and in the power steering reservoir.
Starting the engine
Start the engine in the following order:
- Place the gear shift lever in neutral.
- Press the clutch pedal all the way down.
- Set the instrument and starter switch key to position I. The indicators for critical engine failure, low battery, “Attention” of the engine management system, and air heater activation indicators should light up. The critical engine malfunction indicator is duplicated by the “STOP” indicator. The critical engine malfunction and “Attention” indicators of the engine management system should light for 2–7 seconds and go out. The air heater activation indicator, depending on the air temperature, informs the driver about the possibility of turning on the starter (as soon as it goes out, the driver can turn on the starter). Continuous lighting of the “Attention” indicator of the engine management system indicates the presence of a non-critical malfunction of the engine management system, in which the driver can start the engine and continue driving to the service station. If the “Critical engine malfunction” indicator is on for a long time, the driver should not start the engine until the malfunction is eliminated.
- Operate the starter for no more than 10 seconds. Do not press the gas pedal! The low battery indicator should go off.
- Once the engine is running, release the key and clutch pedal.
If necessary, it is allowed to make 2-3 attempts to start the engine with an interval of at least 1 minute between them, each time from the “0” position of the instrument switch and starter.
After starting a cold engine, the crankshaft speed is maintained and the engine warms up automatically.
Starting the engine using a preheater
To facilitate engine starting and to stabilize the temperature of the engine in winter, a pre-heater is installed on the bus.
The heater is installed in the engine compartment in front of the battery. A pre-heater control module is installed on the instrument panel. To enable engine preheating, turn on the heater or program the start of the preheater in accordance with the operating instructions for the control module supplied with the bus.
Preheater operation
If the interior heating was turned on before turning off the engine, then when the engine preheating is subsequently turned on, the heater circulation pump pumps the heated coolant through the heating system, thereby initially warming up the interior heater radiators and then the engine. The heater fan does not work.
If the interior heating was turned off before turning off the engine (the air temperature control knob is in the extreme left position), then when the bus engine preheating is subsequently turned on, the heater circulation pump pumps the heated coolant only through the bus engine. In this case, the engine warms up faster.
The pre-heater warms up the coolant to a temperature that makes it easier to start the engine in winter, and then turns off.
To use the preheater in the preheater mode, press the preheater switch button with the engine running and the heater turned on (for a description of the preheater operation, see the subsection “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”).
To ensure normal operation of the pre-heater, it is recommended to turn it on, including during the warm season, approximately once a month for 10 minutes. Before starting regular operation in the cold season, perform a test run. After a long period of inactivity, the air supply holes into the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas outlet must be checked and, if necessary, cleaned.
After filling winter diesel fuel, the fuel lines and metering pump must be filled with new fuel by operating the heater for 15 minutes!
Stopping the engine
After running the engine under heavy load, do not stop the engine immediately. You need to let it run for 2-3 minutes at idle speed.
The engine is stopped by turning the instrument switch and starter key to position “0”.
Requirements from the manufacturer
If you want to know how much to pump the tire pressure on a GAZelle, keep in mind that the manufacturer recommends increasing the value to 2.9-3 units (this applies to model 3302).
For other, older versions, these parameters are also relevant. However, in reality they are not the final value. The volume of air in the tires of a fully loaded car and an unoccupied minibus should be different. That is why, when selecting products for a truck, it is necessary to focus on the appropriate type of tires used and the vehicle load.
Manufacturer's requirements
The GAZ plant recommends setting the pressure in the tires of the GAZelle-3302 truck to 2.9 atmospheres. However, this recommendation applies to all early GAZelle cars from this manufacturer. In general this is not true. The pressure does not have to be fixed and the same for an empty passenger car and a loaded van. Therefore, there is a table of tire pressures for a GAZelle car, which takes into account both the vehicle load and the type of tires used.
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Cargo and cargo-passenger models require higher tire pressures, as they have a larger curb weight. Vehicles of the Sobol type use a slightly different type of tire and are more designed for softer transportation. Therefore, the pressure standard in business class GAZelle tires is lower, as this provides additional comfort. Such parameters are designed specifically for this type of car, and therefore do not create risks for tires during use. This also applies to a relatively new class of cars produced by the GAZ automobile concern since 2010 - “GAZelles” Business. They are characterized by increased comfort, a more powerful engine and improved handling.
In 2013, the GAZ automobile plant began production of a new type of light-duty utility vehicles - GAZelle-NEXT. They became a development of the GAZelle Business, with a more comfortable and safe cabin, power steering and front suspension with independent springs. Externally, it is also quite different from its predecessors and rather resembles a Mercedes car. The pressure in GAZelle-NEXT tires differs from the average values of its predecessors.
According to the technical documentation, the tires of the rear wheels need to be inflated to 3.9 atmospheres, and the front tires to 3.8 atmospheres.
Possible problems with non-compliance with standards
When servicing your car, remember that the standards are set by the manufacturer for a reason. If there is insufficient or excessive pressure in tires, the vehicle owner will sooner or later encounter a lot of difficulties that can damage the car and entail additional costs for repairs.
If the wheels are poorly inflated:
- fuel consumption increases significantly - the vehicle needs more power, otherwise it simply will not be able to move away and start moving;
- rubber wears out much faster, since the area of its contact with the road surface increases greatly;
- the noise effect increases while driving;
- it is more difficult to control, the acceleration period becomes longer, and maneuvering becomes more difficult.
When wondering what the tire pressure on a GAZelle 3302 and other models should be according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, do not forget that excess air in tires is just as harmful as its lack:
- driving a car is uncomfortable, every hole and even a minor crack on an asphalt road is already a noticeable nuisance;
- the likelihood of a hernia occurring when falling into a pothole increases rapidly;
- the braking distance approximately doubles.
The manufacturer does not recommend that car owners exceed the permissible limit of 3.0 At. However, many motorists ignore the instructions, exceeding the indicators by up to 3.3-3.5 units. You can forget about a comfortable ride in such a situation.
Problems caused by incorrect tire pressure
Improperly inflated wheels affect the following factors when driving a car:
- controllability;
- fuel consumption;
- noise while driving;
- shaking;
- braking distance length;
- wear of tires and vehicle chassis.
Many drivers are aware of the following nuances:
- Reduced tire pressure reduces the level of shaking during driving, makes the movement smoother, reduces the braking distance and ensures precise braking. However, the controllability of the car decreases, any grooves on the sides of the wheels are strongly felt, and the wheels themselves wear out much faster. If you drive a GAZ-2217 Sobol with passengers on a flat road, this will have a positive effect on their level of comfort while driving, but will have a bad effect on your wheels.
All-terrain vehicle based on the Gazelle on a low-pressure tire 1300×700-24″ - Increased pressure will make it possible to drive faster on a flat road, but the car will become difficult to control. Any bumps and potholes will be felt, the shock-absorbing properties and braking will become worse. This method is not recommended for drivers of heavily loaded GAZ-3302 and GAZ-2705 vehicles. Passengers of the GAZ-2217 Sobol will be uncomfortable at high speed due to shaking. Fuel consumption can be reduced in this way, but the likelihood of an emergency will increase.
Advice from experienced owners
Many drivers who drive GAZelles every day determine the optimal level of air in the wheels based on the service life of the tires and fuel consumption. Additionally, they focus on:
- road quality;
- climatic conditions;
- cargo weight, etc.
Thus, owners of versions 3302 and 2705 inflate their tires to 3.5 At - these are the numbers that are considered the norm. They guarantee the required rigidity and allow you to drive the vehicle with maximum confidence, both free and loaded. At the same time, the condition of the wheels themselves should be very good.
There are many reasons that influence the choice of the appropriate number of atmospheres. Drivers often pay attention to the quality characteristics of the products themselves. When trying to determine what pressure in the front and rear tires of the GAZelle Next Farmer and other modifications will be most acceptable, rely on the recommendations of experienced carriers. They advise inflating tires 0.5 At more than what the manufacturer writes in the data sheet.
Wheels and tires
general information
The bus is equipped with stamped steel wheels measuring 51/2Jx16 H2. The spare wheel is located on a holder under the bus frame.
Tire designation
The tire model and designation are printed on its sidewall. The bus manufacturer equips the wheels with tires. 185/75R16С 104/102Q.
The tire designation includes: 185-conditional tire profile width in millimeters; 75-series tires - the ratio of the profile height to its width, expressed as a percentage; R-radial tire; 16-seat wheel rim diameter, in inches; C-tire for light commercial vehicles; 104-load-bearing capacity index, indicating the maximum permissible load on the tire (for single wheels), in this case 900 kg; 102-load-bearing capacity index, indicating the maximum permissible load on the tire (for dual wheels), in this case 850 kg; Q - speed category index, indicating the maximum speed for the tire - 160 km/h.
Wear indicators
At the base of the tread there are 1.6mm high tire wear indicators located across the tread at equal distances around the circumference. The location of wear indicators is indicated by markings on the sidewall of the tire (for example, the designation “TWI” or pictograms). Wear indicators appear as solid sections of rubber and correspond to the tire wear limit, with a pattern depth of 1.6 mm. In this case, the tire must be replaced.
It is recommended to replace worn tires with a whole set of new tires.
Tire pressure
Deviation of air pressure in tires from the nominal values leads to rapid and uneven wear of the tread, which negatively affects the handling of the bus, noise and vibrations in the cabin. Reduced pressure causes increased fuel consumption.
Check the air pressure in your tires regularly (once a week and additionally before long trips). Tire pressure values are given in the “Technical Specifications” section of this Manual. Check the tire pressure when the tires are cold.
When the bus moves, the tires become hot. This leads to an increase in air pressure in them. Should not be adjusted
pressure immediately after the bus stops. Maintain air pressure in the spare tire as well.
To drive at high speeds for more than 1 hour on suburban highways, we recommend increasing the air pressure in the tires by 20–30 kPa (0.2–0.3 kgf/cm2).
If while driving you feel that the bus is “pulling” to the right or left, this may indicate a decrease in pressure in one of the tires or a violation of the alignment angles of the front wheels.
If there is a constant drop in tire pressure, use a soapy solution to check for air leakage through the valve spool. If an air leak is detected, tighten the spool with a cap-key that closes the spool. If this does not help, replace the spool. If the air pressure in the tire drops and the spool is in good working order, the tire needs to be repaired.
We recommend, if possible, that this be carried out at a maintenance facility that has the necessary equipment for this purpose.
Wheel balancing
High bus speeds require good dynamic balancing of the wheels and tires assemblies. Increased imbalance is manifested by the appearance of vibration, which negatively affects the stability of the bus and causes accelerated wear of tires, front and rear suspension parts, steering and body. Vibrations caused by front wheel imbalance can be transmitted to the steering wheel, controls and floor.
If you find signs of wheel imbalance, or the tires were dismantled for repair, you need to check and, if necessary, balance them. This operation must be performed at a maintenance facility that has the necessary equipment for this purpose. Before balancing, tires and wheels must be washed and free of dirt and foreign objects.
The permissible residual imbalance on each side of the wheel and tire must not exceed 20 g on the wheel rim. If it is not possible to perform dynamic wheel balancing, you can perform static balancing. In this case, balancing weights should be installed on the edge of the rim located closer to the wheel disk mounting surface.
Rearranging wheels
Rearrangement of wheels should be done as necessary in accordance with the picture. The basis for rearranging wheels may be the need to obtain uniform wear on all tires, including the spare, as well as to ensure the correct selection of tires on the axles. The axles should be equipped with tires that have the same tread wear, and more reliable tires should be installed on the front axle of the bus.
Rotate the tires without waiting for obvious signs of tire tread wear to appear, which are wear on the side tread areas for front tires and wear in the middle of the tread for rear tires.
Winter tires
The use of winter tires on icy and snowy roads will improve bus control, stability, dynamic and braking parameters. They must have the same dimension and load capacity index and must be installed on all wheels. The following must be taken into account:
- New tires must be run-in during a run of 500–1000 km.
- Never exceed the maximum speed limit for winter tires (determined by the speed index on the tire label). If the maximum permissible speed is exceeded, the tire may be destroyed.
- On dry or wet roads, the use of winter studded tires increases the braking distance and leads to the need to reduce speed, especially before turns.
- The effectiveness of winter tires is greatly reduced if the remaining tread depth is less than 4 mm.
- The use of winter tires contributes to a slight increase in the internal and external noise of the bus.
Winter tires, especially studded ones, have unsatisfactory road grip characteristics when used at the end of the winter season. Therefore, promptly change winter tires to road or all-season tires when the average daily ambient temperature is above 7°C.
Tire care
Periodically inspect your tires, assessing their condition, the degree and uniformity of wear on the tread pattern, and promptly identify any visible defects. Replace the tire if there are bulges, cracks, or significant cuts. If you have difficulty assessing the possibility of further operation of the tire or its repair, contact a service center.
Hitting a wheel against an obstacle can cause hidden damage to the tire. Such a tire poses a threat to the safety of bus traffic at high speed. Therefore, if necessary, drive over an obstacle, such as a curb, carefully, at low speed and, if possible, perpendicular to it.
Deformed wheels and unsatisfactory condition of the rim-tire seating surfaces can cause wheel imbalance and a drop in air pressure in tubeless tires. When installing and dismounting, do not damage the tire beads. Having these operations performed at a service facility will help prevent such damage.
Store removed tires or wheels with tires in a dark, dry and cool place. If the tires have been used, mark, for example with chalk, the direction of rotation of the tires to maintain the same direction of rotation when reinstalled on the bus.
How to slow down tire wear
- Maintain proper tire pressure.
- Start off smoothly and slow down before making sharp turns.
- Avoid sudden braking.
- Remember that tire wear increases as the speed of the bus increases.
- Radial bus tires must roll in one direction throughout their entire service life.
- The values of the adjustable parameters of the front suspension of the bus must comply with the requirements of the manufacturer.
- Avoid touching the sidewalls of your tires to road curbs and avoid driving fast on uneven roads.
- Unbalanced wheels accelerate tire wear and reduce the comfort of the bus.
- Don't overload the bus.
- Protect your tires from oil, grease, fuel, chemicals and other rubber damaging substances.
Benefits of Constant Checking
To ensure that the tires do not wear out too quickly, and that the truck behaves as smoothly as possible on the road, it is necessary to systematically check the indicators. Do this at least once every two weeks. As soon as the volume of air in the wheels decreases, driving becomes much more difficult. The vehicle begins to respond more slowly to steering wheel turns, and stability at high speed decreases.
Otherwise, when the standard value is exceeded, you have to drive in extremely uncomfortable conditions. Potholes, pebbles and even small cracks in the road surface become a big problem. The service life of products, the chassis of the truck and your own nervous system can only be preserved by setting the correct At value.
To measure the volume of air, you need to use special equipment - a pressure gauge. You can find it at almost any car gas station, service station or tire shop.
To carry out the check yourself, you can purchase a pressure gauge of one of three types:
- Mechanical. It does not have high measurement accuracy and looks more like a metal writing pen.
- Switch. They are often equipped with pumps. It will help you achieve more accurate results, but you should be careful during the process. The device is extremely unstable to shocks and high-atmospheric overloads.
- Electronic. Perhaps the best option, which is simple and convenient to use.
When starting the inspection, remember that all necessary measurements are taken before the vehicle is driven out. The rubber must be cold. Check all 4 wheels.
Parameters obtained experimentally
Drivers who often use GAZelle cars for work or for personal needs have determined the optimal parameters for themselves, which ensure a comfortable and safe ride in the car. Most drivers inflate their wheels to 3.5 atmospheres. Most often these are those who drive GAZelle-3302 and GAZelle-2705. This ensures a fairly rigid but confident ride both when the cabin is fully loaded with passengers or the body, and during empty flights.
In addition, the good condition of tires and wheels ensures long-term operation without the need to re-inflate, because even new tires spontaneously deflate at approximately 0.4 atmospheres per month.
Drivers of passenger minibuses (simply “minibuses”) know how much to pump the wheels of a GAZelle for a comfortable ride on less than ideal roads in Russian cities. Since the suspension of such cars is quite rigid, the tires should not be inflated to a “rock” state. Minibus taxi drivers, in their own words, pump the wheels to a “three-point state,” that is, to a pressure equal to 3 atmospheres.
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Factors influencing the choice of tire pressure are determined by both operating conditions and technical characteristics of the rubber:
- Tires must have markings indicating the maximum load that the rubber can withstand.
- An important factor will be the estimated maximum load of the car: how many people will be packed into the cabin or what type of cargo will be transported.
- All wheels must be inflated evenly. Differences in values between the axes should not exceed 0.8 atmospheres. Between the wheels of one axle - no more than 0.3 atmospheres.
- It is necessary to check the tire pressure with a pressure gauge at least once every two weeks, since the natural loss is 0.4 atmospheres per month.
What is the tire pressure on a GAZelle thermal booth?
The standard three units of atmospheres will not be enough for such a machine. An increase in the standard indicator is required due to the impressive weight of the booth (with cargo). The structure itself weighs a lot, and when the “refrigerator” is full, you need to inflate the tires by at least 4.5 kg. Despite this, the vehicle behaves quite adequately on the road. In different seasons, additional adjustments are made according to the winter/summer principle.
Tire pressure for GAZelle (3302, Business, Farmer, etc.): table of At values
| The lineup | Options | Pressure (bar) | |||
| Empty | Downloaded | ||||
| Before | Back | Front | Rear | ||
| 2705 | 185/75 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 |
| 3221 | 3,0 | 2,8 | 3,0 | ||
| 3302 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | |
| 33023 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | |
| 2752 | 3,3 | 3,9 | 3,3 | ||
| 2217 | 215/65 | 2,7 | 2,7 | 2,8 | 2,8 |
| 22171 | 2,7 | 3,1 | 2,7 | 3,1 | |
Required parameters for model 3302
According to the standard, this is 3.0 At for the wheels front and rear. However, it happens that the meanings differ. Much depends on the modification and the normal load of the car.
If we talk about a truck with sides and an awning, the body length of which does not exceed three meters, the volume of air in the front tires can meet the standards. The rear ones are a completely different story. If the transport is not loaded, you can reduce the pressure to 2.7 atmospheres. When loading more than 1.5 tons, the standard value must be increased, bringing it to 4.0-4.5 At. Also relevant for vans and variations extended to four meters. Due to the impressive weight of the vehicle itself, you should not reduce the level below the 3 At mark (even if the car is empty).
Characteristics
MAIN DIMENSIONS
| Car A21R22 | Car A21R32 |
COMMON DATA
| Options | Automobile model | |
| A21R22 | A21R32 | |
| Total weight, kg | 3500 | 3500 |
| Weight of the equipped vehicle, kg | 2060 | 2230 |
| Axle load of a fully loaded vehicle, kg | ||
| - front | 1310 | 1550 |
| - rear | 2190 | 1950 |
| Ground clearance (under the rear axle housing at full weight), mm | 170 | 170 |
| Minimum turning radius along the track of the outer front wheel, m | 5,6 | 6,5 |
| Control fuel consumption (measured using a special method) when driving at a constant speed, l/100 km: | ||
| — 60 km/h | 8,5 | 8,5 |
| — 80 km/h | 10,3 | 10,3 |
| Maximum vehicle speed on a horizontal section of a flat highway, km/h | 134 | 132 |
| Overhang angles (with load), °: | ||
| - front | 22 | 22 |
| - rear | 23 | 17 |
| Maximum incline overcome by a vehicle with a full load, % | 26 | 26 |
| Loading height, mm | 955 | 955 |
ENGINE
| Model | ISF2.8s4129P |
| Type | Diesel, with turbocharging and charge air cooler |
| Number of cylinders and their location | 4, in-line |
| Cylinder diameter and piston stroke, mm | 94x100 |
| Cylinder displacement, l | 2,8 |
| Compression ratio | 16,5 |
| Maximum power, kW (hp) | 88,3 (120) |
| — at crankshaft rotation speed, rpm | 3600 |
| Maximum torque, net, N•m (kgf•m) | 270 (27,5) |
| — at crankshaft rotation speed, rpm | 1400-3000 |
| Cylinder operating order | 1-3-4-2 |
| Crankshaft rotation speed in idle mode, rpm: | |
| — minimum (nmin. xx) | 750±50 |
| - increased (npo. xx) | 4500 |
| Direction of rotation of the crankshaft (observed from the fan side) | Right |
TRANSMISSION
| Clutch | Single disc, dry, hydraulically driven |
| Transmission | Mechanical, 5-speed |
| Gear ratios | 1st gear - 3.786 |
| 2nd gear - 2.188 | |
| 3rd gear - 1.304 | |
| 4th gear - 1.0 | |
| 5th gear - 0.794 | |
| Reverse - 3.28 | |
| Cardan transmission | Two shafts with three universal joints and an intermediate support |
| Rear axle: | |
| - main gear | Hypoid, gear ratio - 4.3 |
| — differential | Bevel, gear |
CHASSIS
| Wheels | Disc, with non-separable rim 51/2Jxl6H2 |
| Tires | Pneumatic, radial, size 185/75R16C |
| Suspension: | |
| - front | Independent, wishbone with coil springs, with anti-roll bar |
| - rear | Two longitudinal, semi-elliptical springs with additional springs and anti-roll bar |
| Shock absorbers | Four - gas-filled, telescopic, double-acting |
STEERING
| Steering gear with power steering | Rack type |
| Power steering pump | Lamellar, double action |
| Steering column | Adjustable in angle |
BRAKE CONTROL
| Service brake system | Double-circuit with hydraulic drive and vacuum booster |
| Brakes: | |
| - front wheels | Disk |
| - rear wheels | Drums |
| Spare brake system | Each circuit of the service brake system |
| Parking brake system | With mechanical cable drive to the rear wheel brakes |
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
| Type of electrical equipment | Direct current, single wire. Negative terminals of power supplies and consumers are connected to the housing |
| Rated voltage, V | 12 |
| Generator | 5272666 |
| Starter | 5266969 |
| Accumulator battery | 6CT-75VL or 6CT-85VL |
CAB AND PLATFORM
| Cabin | Metal, two-door, three-seater |
| Platform | Metal, with folding rear and side sides |
| Overall dimensions of the platform (internal), mm: | |
| - length | 3089 (for A21R22) |
| 4168 (for A21R32) | |
| - width | 1978 |
| - height | 400 |
MAIN PARAMETERS FOR CONTROL
| Tire air pressure, kPa (kg/cm2): | |
| - front wheels | 350+10 (3,6+0,1) |
| - rear wheels | 280+10 (2,9+0,1) |
| Minimum recommended operating temperature of coolant, °C | 71 |
| Maximum permissible coolant temperature, °C | 110 |
| Clutch pedal free play, mm | 6,0-8,5 |
| Minimum permissible friction layer thickness, mm: | |
| - for front disc brake pads | 2,0 |
| - for rear drum brake linings | 1,0 |
| The slope at which a vehicle with a full load is held by the parking brake system is not less than, % | 16 |
| Installing the front wheels (for a loaded vehicle): | |
| — longitudinal inclination angle of the wheel rotation axis | +3°±1° |
| - difference in angles of left and right wheels | no more than 30° |
| — camber angle of each wheel difference | +0°30°±30° |
| — camber angles of the left and right wheels | no more than 30° |
| — toe-in of each wheel | 0°0°-0°7° |
Suitable values for model 33023
For the cargo "Farmer", the manufacturer set the standard at 3.0 At. If the car body is loaded, it should be increased to 4.0-4.5 units. This also applies to the long version; the load capacity of both modifications is no different. In this case, you can ignore the weight of the body structure.
Braking
The bus is equipped with an anti-lock braking system (ABS), which, during emergency braking on a road with different surfaces (for example, asphalt - ice), prevents blocking of wheels located in less favorable traction conditions (on ice), ensuring the minimum braking distance of the bus for a given road surface while maintaining its stability and controllability. When the ABS is activated, a pulsating vibration is felt on the brake pedal. This ABS has the function of electronic brake force control (EBD), which prevents the rear axle from skidding during heavy braking of a partially loaded bus.
The bus has a dual-circuit brake system. If one of the circuits fails, the second circuit provides bus braking. At the same time, the brake pedal travel increases and braking efficiency decreases, which at first can be perceived as a brake failure. However, ABS that remains operational will provide effective braking. In this case, do not release the brake pedal, but continue to press it as hard as possible to obtain the most effective braking. Repeated presses will only increase the braking distance.
When driving through deep puddles, on a wet road, or when washing a bus, water may get into the wheel brakes. This may cause the brakes to become less effective. In these cases, while the bus is moving, perform several smooth brakes to dry the brake mechanisms.
We recommend using the same technique before applying the parking brake in cold wet weather to reduce the likelihood of wet brake linings freezing to the drums.
On long descents, it is advisable to engage a lower gear and use the engine braking effect in conjunction with the braking system.
The bus is equipped with a vacuum brake booster, which reduces pedal effort. After stopping the engine and then pressing the brake pedal one or two times, the brake booster stops working. At the same time, the force that needs to be applied to the brake pedal to effectively brake the bus increases significantly.
