Engine decarbonization: the best way to do it yourself, piston rings, what proven product to use, the best method, gasoline, rating, soft, instructions, reviews

Engine cylinders are parts in which constant combustion of the fuel mixture occurs, forming carbon deposits. Its removal is called decoking. Oil supply is carried out in two ways - using oil seals or piston rings. In the first case, you need to replace the unit; in the second, you can decarbonize the piston rings yourself .

A car service center will encourage you to overhaul the engine, but you can get by using preventive methods. By completing simple tasks to remove carbon deposits yourself, you will increase your car's mileage by 30-40 thousand km and will not lose money on replacing parts.

There is a similar article on this topic - Knock sensor: signs of malfunction, replacement.

Why is decarbonization necessary?

Decoking, that is, removing coke from parts or groups of parts, is the cleaning of their surfaces, which greatly affects their proper operation.

It’s like personal oral hygiene; in order to prevent contamination, periodic preventive cleaning is required. The same must be done with engines.

Not many people know that it is necessary to clean the parts of the CPG (cylinder-piston group), parts of the crank mechanism (crank mechanism).

Even if we take a purely physical look at a burnt piston, we will immediately see that there is a layer of deposits on the surface that reduces the working volume of the combustion chamber. And coked rings can become stuck and not move, thereby reducing cylinder compression. Plaque on the valves does not allow them to fit tightly into their seat, thereby leaving the hole open. This results in increased engine oil consumption, scuffing and scratches on the cylinder bore, valve burnout, and a drop in engine power. And this all leads to the unloved overhaul of the engine.

To extend the life of the engine, it is necessary to decoke the internal combustion engine parts, remove carbon deposits from the pistons, loosen and stir the oil piston rings and clean the oil drainage channels.

Cleaning parts from time to time, especially if low-quality fuel is used. This will eliminate the engine detonation that sometimes appears, and the compression in the cylinders will be equalized. But if blue smoke appears from the muffler, it means engine oil is getting into the combustion chamber. Here you need to look for the reason for the oil ingress.

There are so-called soft and hard decarbonization groups.

Assessing the condition of the rings

During engine operation, heavy carbon deposits may form on the cylinder rings.

There are two main reasons for this:

• use of low-quality fuel or;
• penetration into the combustion chamber of motor oil.

In small quantities, such deposits have almost no effect on engine performance. In the future, the following problems are possible, indicating coking :

• reduction in engine power;
• reduction of compression;
• occurrence of detonation;
• difficulties at start;
• decreased sensitivity of the gas pedal;
• increased oil consumption;
• the appearance of smoke coming from the chimney;
• the appearance of oil deposits on the spark plugs.

The listed manifestations indicate the need to cleanse the rings. In the most severe cases, deformation is possible due to detonation of rings and even pistons.

Causes and consequences of carbon deposits in the engine

As noted above, there are three main reasons for the formation of carbon deposits on the piston rings and in the combustion chamber: oil getting into the combustion chamber, the use of low-quality fuel and (or) motor oil that is unsuitable for a given engine.

Of course, it is impossible to determine the quality of fuel “by eye,” so absolutely all car owners are at risk – especially those who refuel at small gas stations outside the city. It’s easier with oil - just buy it at trusted retail outlets or contact specialized service centers for a fluid change. When choosing oil yourself, you should take into account all the manufacturer’s recommendations.

An engine that is not warmed up in winter, driving at low speeds, regularly sitting in traffic jams - all this also contributes to the intense formation of carbon deposits on the walls of the combustion chamber and engine parts: valves, bottom and piston walls.

If you do not decarbonize the piston rings in a timely manner, the engine will begin to wear out many times faster.

Let's highlight the most common consequences of engine coking:

• A thick layer of carbon deposits on the cylinder walls impairs their thermal conductivity and increases the thermal load on the engine.
• In a contaminated combustion chamber, detonation phenomena occur and, as a result, pressure surges
• Carbon deposits on the piston rings reduce the gap between them and the valve walls, as a result of which the tightness of the combustion chamber is compromised and compression deteriorates; rings stop moving and may break due to extremely high load
• Due to slag getting under the valves, they do not fit tightly into the seat and can burn out
• Fuel and oil consumption significantly exceeds the norm due to the occurrence of rings

Reasons for ring coking

There are a large number of different reasons that can lead to coking of piston rings.

Among them:

• driving short distances in winter and off-season;
• failure to comply with the deadline for timely replacement of automobile oil;
• engine overheating;
• use of low-quality motor oil;
• idle car in winter;
• use of different additive compounds;
• engine operation in conditions of increased heat;
• low quality fuel;
• penetration of oil into the cylinders during incomplete combustion.

The reasons for engine oil getting into the cylinders are a separate topic. Decarbonization is a standard preventative measure.

If you do not want to regularly decarbonize the rings, you should eliminate the very cause of the carbon deposits.

The main possible causes of soot :

• wear or damage: the oil scraper ring located at the bottom is not able to remove excess oil from the cylinder, so an increasing amount of compound slowly accumulates inside the grooves, which burns and leaves a black coating;
• wear or damage to oil scraper caps needed to eliminate excess;
• small scratches or distortions on the cylinder mirror, which become places where engine oil accumulates;
• using low-quality or old motor oil: over time, it loses its fluidity, which makes it difficult to remove residues from the mirror surface.

When is decoking necessary?

Modern inspection and repair of the engine, if necessary, is the key to its long and reliable operation.

At the first signs of problems with the power unit - a noticeable decrease in operating power, excessive consumption of fuel or oil - it is necessary to take action.

Decoking of piston rings is really necessary in cases where:

• Increased oil consumption
• When starting the engine, there is a strong exhaust and an unpleasant smell of combustion products penetrates into the cabin.
• The dynamics of the car are sharply reduced
• In the absence of any problems with the battery, the engine is difficult to start in sub-zero temperatures
• Engine idles irregularly

Step-by-step instructions for carrying out work

The decarbonization procedure usually does not present any difficulties for an experienced car enthusiast and is carried out in the following order :

1. The car warms up to the operating temperature with mandatory installation in a horizontal position.
2. The spark plugs (when the engine is on gasoline) or the injectors or glow plugs (when the engine is diesel) are unscrewed.
3. When turning the crankshaft clockwise using a ratchet, each piston is set to the middle position.
4. The decarbonizing composition is poured into the combustion chamber for a while (indicated in the instructions). You should wait from one to two hours or leave the composition in the engine overnight. To avoid evaporation, nozzles or candles are placed in the holes.
5. After the required time has elapsed, the candles or nozzles are unscrewed and the holes are covered with a rag. Then the crankshaft is cranked using the starter for five to seven seconds. In this way, the remaining composition and softened carbon deposits are removed.
6. Then the spark plugs or injectors are installed back, the engine starts and runs at idle for five to ten minutes.
7. The filter and oil are replaced.
8. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated after covering 50-100 kilometers.

The best ways to decarbonize

Using special means, it is possible to completely eliminate combustion products, which prevents the need for major engine repairs.

At some point, any engine will experience loss of power. One of the main reasons for this problem is heavy carbon deposits in the piston grooves - coking of the engine.

There is no common position among car enthusiasts regarding the advisability of the decarbonization procedure of a car engine. Some believe that decoking of rings is an effective method of cleaning internal voids and engine parts from carbon deposits, while others have a negative attitude towards this procedure.

Today, quite a few decarbonization methods are used. Some of these methods have been known for a long time, while others arose relatively recently. They are conventionally divided into hard and soft .

Soft methods include the use of liquids produced by the modern chemical industry. They can be added to fuel or mixed with oil. This composition is added 100 km before the scheduled oil change. The engine is cleaned while the car is moving. It is unacceptable to create a significant load on it throughout the entire cleaning period. Typically, cleaning is carried out during the mileage, and after completion, the engine oil is replaced and the engine is washed with a special substance.

Decarbonization video

Despite its simplicity, this method does not make it possible to completely clean the engine by removing carbon deposits. Its validity period is limited.

The most effective is hard cleaning , which was used for old engines.

Its essence is the introduction of a special aggressive substance into the internal combustion chamber. This leads to corrosion and softening of carbon deposits. To flush the entire engine and remove carbon deposits from both the cylinders and valves, a kerosene-acetone mixture is suitable.

Decarbonization of rings with kerosene

Decarbonization using kerosene mixed with acetone is an “old-fashioned” method that has proven its effectiveness on old VAZ engines. Nowadays, the kerosene-acetone mixture is often improved by introducing oil or other chemicals into it.

To prepare the liquid, you need to take into account that its quantity should be approximately 150 milliliters per cylinder. A small amount of oil is poured into the combustion chamber, similar to other products in this category, which enhances the effect and does not allow it to evaporate quickly. This leads to reduced oil consumption, improved dynamics, and prevents detonation resulting from incomplete combustion of the combustible mixture.

An oil change must be mandatory, since acetone and kerosene are aggressive towards oil. For this reason, the lubricant must be replaced at the end of the procedure. During the first start-up, it is advisable to install out-of-date spark plugs while burning off the remaining carbon so that the new ones do not deteriorate.

Decarbonization without oil change

The above methods differ in that an oil change is necessary immediately after completion of the procedure. If you don’t want to do it, you can use certain additives for gasoline or diesel fuel and carry out decoking without changing the oil.

The main function of additives is to remove substances resulting from combustion using a special chemical composition that penetrates into the fuel cylinder and reduces the volume of carbon deposits, as well as removing existing ones. Their advantages:

• ease of use (you just need to fill it);
• no need to dismantle spark plugs and change oil;
• the appearance of a protective film on the surfaces of the cylinders.

The method without changing the oil is suitable for removing only a small amount of carbon deposits (with a significant amount, additives are ineffective). Its disadvantage is the slow achievement of results. The effect can be noticed only after traveling several hundred or even thousands of km.

Removing carbon deposits with water

Some motorists have learned to use a milder procedure that has the same effect in removing carbon deposits as chemicals. Decarbonization with water is the most common method that owners of domestic and imported cars decide to use.

For the procedure you will need:

• distilled water in a plastic bottle;
• dropper;
• hose (for windshield washer);
• tee (connect the washer).

The scheme of work is as follows: water from a bottle is connected through a dropper to the engine suction. You can use non-distilled water - the filtration system in the dropper itself will handle the cleaning. Water supply starts with the engine running - at approximately 2000 rpm.

2-3 drops per second is enough when the engine is idling when the engine is warm. The effect will not take long to appear, the carbon deposits are removed, and the car becomes dynamic and economical.

Video

Decarbonization of a Mitsubishi engine using Lavr ML-202.

This video shows the results of the decarbonization test.

The best engine decarbonization for 50 rubles.

Cleaning carbon deposits without changing the oil

This method of removing carbonaceous products is considered softer. A product for decoking piston rings without changing the oil is a special additive for gasoline or diesel fuel. Their action is based on the removal of combustion products using a special chemical composition.

The inner surface of the motor is constantly exposed to a special composition, which eliminates the accumulation of coke.

Some advantages of this method:

• Simplicity and convenience - no need to remove spark plugs and injectors.
• Introduction in a minute.
• Changing the engine oil is carried out as standard, according to maintenance.
• The surface of the engine is protected by the resulting film, which reduces the accumulation of carbon deposits.

But it’s difficult to call such drugs a panacea. This is more of a local product that will help in case of mild coking. If the volume of carbon deposits is critical, additives will not be able to remove it, since they do not have a softening effect. These are flushing compounds with cleaning ingredients to remove light carbon deposits on piston rings.

On the other hand, decarbonizing the piston rings without changing the oil is the only option if engine knocking and black exhaust take you by surprise on a long journey. Usage standards for passenger cars are 50 ml per 40-60 liters of gasoline (or diesel fuel), for trucks - 100 ml per 200 liters of fuel.

Important! Diesel units are filled with fuel containing alcohol depressant additives, which reduce the viscosity temperature of diesel fuel. In this case, the combustion chamber becomes dirty faster, and it is not advisable to remove spark plugs in cold weather. Soft cleaning compounds will prolong engine life by eliminating deposits.

The liquid for cleaning piston rings has active particles that provoke the disintegration of carbon deposits and combustion when the fuel mixture is ignited. As the fuel tank empties, the combustion chamber is cleaned.

Decarbonization process. Old-fashioned methods

Over many years of operation, internal combustion engines have learned to restore the cleanliness of the piston group and combustion chamber in several ways. The most “old-fashioned”, undoubtedly, can be considered the attempt to clean everything with a mixture of kerosene and gasoline. Gasoline in the mixture is not for better combustion, but so that the kerosene does less harm to the rubber parts of the engine.

It is enough to pour the mixture into the cylinders and occasionally “move” the engine, turning the crankshaft back and forth to facilitate the passage of the mixture to the piston rings. Hold it as long as possible, then crank the engine with the starter, and the remaining decoking mixture along with the dissolved dirt will fly out. A little of the mixture will enter the crankcase and evaporate later.

The method is quite popular even now, since the components are available to anyone, and all the tools you need is a spark plug wrench. But its efficiency is extremely low, because it was designed for washing relatively low-temperature ash, and the process had to be repeated literally every couple of months. Modern engines have completely different carbon deposits: hard, high-temperature, even if it occurs due to oil entering the combustion chamber.

Decarbonization with water, also known as decarbonization with alcohol, turned out to be a much more exotic method. Once upon a time, people noticed that on engines that were injected with a water-methanol mixture during afterburner, the piston and combustion chamber simply shone. The search for the cause pointed to water - it is responsible for cleaning the combustion chamber. A shock dose of steam has an excellent effect on all deposits, because water is a universal solvent. And the combination of H2O+O2 is generally a lethal thing at high temperatures. Of course, the steam does not penetrate too deeply, but where it does penetrate, it literally knocks away layers of layers from the metal. And they already fly further with exhaust gases.

On a carburetor engine, the decarbonization process usually consisted of mixing gasoline and vodka in a 1 to 1 ratio and supplying the mixture to the carburetor inlet. Then everything is simple: the “choke” was turned on, and the motor sucked in the mixture. An hour of idling or leisurely movement - and the unit is clean. You can drive further, but often the operation was carried out before major repairs, so as not to wash the parts manually.

Technology for decarbonizing car engine piston rings without disassembling the unit

Decarbonization can be done in two ways: mechanical and chemical. The first option is very labor-intensive and is performed exclusively on a disassembled motor. If carried out, it is combined with a major overhaul. The second way is based on the use of various chemicals.

How it is produced

Decarbonizing the engine with chemicals gives quick results. The principle of its implementation is the same regardless of the type of composition used. Detailed instructions include the following transitions:

• Warm up the engine.
• Unscrew the spark plugs.
• Move the pistons to the middle position.
• Pour the decoking mixture into the cylinders.
• Wait a while (the duration of the process depends on the type of auto chemical used).
• Pump out the remaining liquid from the “pots”.

Decarbonizing composition of branded production

The assortment of a large auto retail chain offers a fairly large number of detergents for removing carbon deposits. They propose to remove and dissolve coke in the combustion chamber over different periods of time. The bill for payment is also different - there are budget drugs, there are also expensive ones.

A qualified seller will definitely ask about the desired degree of aggressiveness of the product. It all depends on the mileage and the degree of neglect of the closed chamber. There are soft and rough compositions. When choosing a composition, you should focus on the top representatives of the niche:

• Misubishi SHUMMA - rough (1,500 rubles).
• XADO Verylube – hard (800 rubles).
• Greenol REANIMATOR – coarse (900 rubles).
• GZox – soft (500 rubles).
• Kangaroo ICC 300 – soft (400 rubles).

Before purchasing, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of the engine, read reviews about decoking of piston rings of a certain engine model without disassembling it, and carefully study the instructions. For example, GZox is not recommended to come into contact with alusil coating, which is often applied to the cylinders of units of modern foreign cars.

Homemade decoking preparations

Alternative functionality can be provided by household or pharmacy products at an affordable price. An experimental popular base has been developed regarding their use. Photo reports show that well-chosen proportions allow you to achieve excellent cleaning results.

Solvent decarbonization of the engine

The solvent is a light hydrocarbon. It is obtained both from coal and gas, and from oil. The most aggressive properties are coal-based nefras, which has a yellowish tint. However, clear liquids obtained from petroleum products also clean well.

Practice shows that 20 cubes of solvent per cylinder is enough in cases where compression is normal, but the engine is already starting to eat up oil. The portion is poured for 0.5 hours. After filling, you immediately need to turn the crankshaft 20-40 degrees in one direction, then in the other, so that the drug gets to the rings faster.

Compression problems are more serious and can be corrected with continued treatment. It is enough to inject 100 ml per cylinder and leave the mixture for 4-5 hours. The presence of liquid in the “pots” must be monitored and topped up, since it eventually goes into the crankcase.

Engine decarbonization with kerosene

Kerosene liquid is colorless and is obtained by direct distillation from petroleum. Coke cleaning alone is ineffective. A mixture of kerosene and acetone in a 1:1 ratio has more aggressive properties. 50 ml of the composition is poured into one cylinder. Staying time – 12 hours.

Decarbonization with kerosene does not produce the desired effect on running engines due to its low solvent properties. Reviews compare this method with soft branded products and are prescribed at the initial stage of oil burns and loss of compression.

Dissolving carbon deposits with dimexide

Dimethyl sulfoxide is a pharmaceutical anti-inflammatory drug. Sold in tubes of 100 ml. Price – about 50 rubles. In fact, it turned out to be a strong solvent of various deposits. The drug is prescribed for use on engines with an impressive amount of coke in the piston grooves.

This product should be used with caution. According to reviews of the drug:

1. Crystallizes at temperatures below 18.5°C.
2. Peels paint.
3. Destroys plastics.

If there are no plastic elements in the power plant, the enamel has been removed from the pan and dipstick, the work is carried out in a heated garage or during the hot season, and the instructions on how to properly flush the engine with dimexide are followed, then there is nothing to fear.

Risks

It’s understandable that there are positive changes, but there are also chances for negative developments? In addition to the predicted risks of contamination of spark plugs, catalysts and other things, there is also a non-zero chance of getting a piece of coke directly under the piston rings and a scratch on the cylinder bore. Or a large piece of carbon directly under the valve, which can lead to its failure or a collision between the valve and the piston. Fortunately, the chance of this kind of trouble is small, but you shouldn’t forget about this possibility.

About decoking with water, it is worth saying that when using it, the risk of water hammer is quite high, especially if the procedure is carried out carelessly. Many services simply do not take on this work if they are not confident in their abilities.

Mitsubishi Shumma Engine Conditioner

The Japanese engine decarbonizer, according to many experts and experienced drivers, demonstrates the best results. It dissolves carbon deposits or softens it, making it easy to remove mechanically.

Shumma is petroleum based, contains 20% ethylene glycol and monoethyl ether, looks like foam and smells like ammonia. This cleaner was developed for severe decoking of GDI engines (direct injection), but can be used in any type of power unit.

It is injected into the cylinders through a tube and left for at least 30 minutes (preferably 3-5 hours). The composition is not aggressive towards valve stem seals.

One Shumma cylinder is enough to clean one 1.5 liter engine. The decarbonizing agent does an excellent job of removing carbon deposits on pistons, rings, valves and combustion chamber surfaces. Can be used both for pouring into the engine without disassembling, and for soaking parts.

The price of Shumma is quite high, but justified by its performance properties. If this remedy does not produce results, we can say with confidence that only repair will help.

Preparing for the engine decarbonization procedure

First of all, you need to check the battery charge level and charge as necessary.

Prepare the site; it should be horizontally level. The gear in the car must be set to neutral. Next, the handbrake is tightened.

The engine must warm up (at idle, less than fifty degrees Celsius), the fuel supply must be stopped at the time of the procedure. Next, the engine is turned off, the fuel pump fuse is pulled out, and the car is “turned off.” Candles need to be taken out.

Next, you must determine the level of each cylinder in the engine. In order to find out the exact height of each of the pistons, you need to rotate the shaft, or simply start the engine (without changing gear!), The starter, rotating the shaft, will independently change the height of the pistons.

Gzox Injection & Carb Cleaner

Depending on the method of application, the substance cleans the combustion chamber, decarbonizes piston rings or removes carburetor deposits. The chemical composition of the product helps to achieve instant dissolution of carbon deposits, resins and formations based on them - which restores the mobility of oil scraper rings. Car enthusiasts who have used GZOX INJECTION to restore engine performance note the high efficiency of the substance, which, after cleaning, returns the engine to stable operation and increases throttle response. As practice shows, when decoking is carried out according to the instructions, the result will only be positive. There is no restorative effect, so a diagnostic error or an indication of wear on the oil scraper rings may occur. The manufacturer recommends completely cleaning the lubrication system and changing the oil after using the substance.

Lavr ML-202

One of the most famous domestic liquids for removing carbon deposits from pistons, rings and grooves without disassembling the engine. As real tests show, the product acts at the level of household solvents, while creating an even more aggressive environment.

Lavr ML202 Anti Coks Fast is a complex of surfactants and solvents of various chemical natures. Despite the fact that the product is positioned as an engine cleaner from tar, coke and carbon deposits without mechanical intervention, practice shows that carbon deposits remain after its use.

After using LAVR, the oil must be changed, so it is recommended to use it before scheduled maintenance. The instructions provide for pouring 45 ml of the drug into each cylinder. For express cleaning, it must be left for 30-60 minutes. In case of serious “symptoms” of rings being twisted, a minimum of 12 hours will be required. The maximum stay of liquid in the cylinder should be no more than 24 hours.

The liquid in the bottle is enough to decarbonize a power unit with a volume of just over 2 liters.

Wynn's Combustion Chamber Cleaner

High-quality decoking helps to carefully remove carbon deposits, varnish deposits and sludge carbon formations in the CPG of gasoline engines only. The substance helps restore the mobility of oil scraper rings, as well as compression rings, and clean the intake manifold with valves. The product does not have a negative effect on the catalyst. The unusual use of the substance surprises car enthusiasts - it is supplied through the engine vacuum hose, but the high efficiency of the product is noted by equalizing compression in the cylinders, reducing vibrations and eliminating engine detonation. Many users note a minimal level of oil consumption, as well as a significant increase in engine power. The cleaning process does not require lubrication and practically does not harm the motor, since there is no contact with the rubber seals of the engine.

Edial

This substance enters the combustion chamber along with the fuel, so there is no need to unscrew the spark plugs - just pour the product into the neck of the gas tank and fill the fuel. The advantage of this procedure is that there is no need to change the oil and it is easy to use. After preparing the fuel mixture and decoking, the mobility of the compression and oil scraper rings is restored, and fuel consumption returns to the desired level. The engine begins to please with increased throttle response, as well as dynamics. Reviews from Edial users indicate the smoothness of the changes after treatment. The product also cleans injector nozzles in injection and diesel engines and removes deposits. As car enthusiasts say, Edial is a simple and effective remedy, the regular use of which significantly reduces the need for major repairs of the CPG.

Total

The purpose of decoking measures is to clean the combustion chamber of carbon deposits. Relevant for low compression, increased oil consumption and increased fuel consumption. The essence of the procedures is to pour the composition into the cylinders and give it time to dissolve the deposits.

The chemical cleaning method is preferable because it does not require disassembling the engine. You can use both branded decarbonizers and homemade ones. Among the traditional methods are decarbonization with solvent, kerosene and acetone and dimexide. Dimethyl sulfoxide has the most aggressive properties.

Options for engine protection against carbon deposits

To reduce the rate of deposit formation it is necessary:

• use motor oils with tolerances specified by the vehicle manufacturer;
• use high quality fuel and refuel the car at pumps of large oil refining companies;
• regularly change filters that remove impurities from fuel;
• reduce the number of trips with the power unit partially warmed up or with long periods of idle time in traffic jams;
• periodically go on the highway to drive at higher speeds, which allows you to partially remove deposits.

Common myths about decoking

Despite the start of mass production of synthetic oils and improved fuel quality, engines become contaminated with deposits because the clearances between mating parts are reduced. Carbon deposits reduce compression and lead to increased fuel and lubricant consumption. But it should be remembered that decoking will not restore the performance of a power unit with worn rings and cylinder mirrors.

The maintenance procedure depends on the configuration adopted for the cylinder block. With an inclined arrangement of combustion chambers, it is necessary to fill in a larger volume of cleaning agent than with a vertical arrangement (with the same displacement and number of cylinders). At the same time, it should be taken into account that excess solution should not be filled, since the penetration of the reagent into the oil pan through the piston ring locks leads to damage to the seals.

Reagents should not clean parts to their original factory condition; excessive aggressive action leads to the formation of cavities on the metal surface. The remaining liquid poured into the cylinders burns and forms a smoky exhaust, which is not a sign of an emergency condition of the engine and does not harm the catalytic converter or soot trap. Owners with experience in decarbonizing power units recommend changing the oil immediately after completing the cleaning procedure.

Sources

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• https://autoot.ru/raskoksovka-porshnevyh-kolec-dvigatelya.html
• https://www.kolesa.ru/article/raskoksovka-motorov-kak-alternativa-kapremontu-stoit-li-delat-i-kak-pravilno
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