Engine Gas 53 - Technical characteristics

GAZ-53 is a Russian medium-duty truck, produced until 1993. The model was released in 1961, and since then it has been modernized several times, and also adapted to more current environmental standards and regulations. In fact, the 53rd model represents the third generation of GAZ medium-duty trucks, replacing the second generation called GAZ-AA/MM (or GAZ-51). GAZ-53 became considered the most popular truck in the USSR, which had a lot of modifications. Of the latter, we can distinguish GAZ-53-19 (with a 105 hp engine running on liquefied gas), GAZ-53-12 (with a ZMZ-53-11 120 hp engine and a load capacity of 4.5 tons) and GAZ- 53-27 (with a 100 hp engine running on natural gas). The circulation of produced cars of the GAZ-53 family amounted to 4 million copies.

GAZ 53 engine oil

ZMZ-53 is a gasoline V8, serially installed on the GAZ-53 family of cars produced in the period 1961-1993.
This cargo line belongs to the third generation of medium-duty trucks of the GAZ family, which includes the GAZ-53F, GAZ-53A and GAZ-53-12 models. The GAZ-53 model was considered the most popular truck in the USSR. Its production volume exceeded 4 million copies. Based on GAZ-53 in the period 1964-1992. They also produced a hybrid version of the GAZ-52 with a six-cylinder engine from the GAZ-51, as well as a greater load capacity than the regular 53rd model. According to the body layout in the style of a “sneaky look”, the GAZ-53 evokes similarities with the ZIL-130.

Engine overhaul

With proper care, the GAZ-53 engine rarely needs major repairs, but if this does happen, the following malfunctions may be the cause:

• Increased lubricant consumption, and with the replacement of rings the problem remained relevant.
• Low pressure in the lubrication system and knocking noises in the engine.
• Wear of the entire power unit with exhaustion of its working life.
• Engine jamming due to the crankshaft.

Engine repairs can be carried out independently - the manufacturer issues a complete operating manual, in which all steps for changing parts and possible malfunctions and methods for eliminating them are described in detail.

Despite everything, the engines installed on the GAZ-53 are distinguished by good endurance. Considering the various “modifications” of the internal combustion engine and the oils that are sometimes poured into it, one can only be surprised at its performance. Often such an engine can function quietly for years, even if there are strange knocking noises.

There are equipment, cars that become a symbol of the times. When people of the older generation remember the late Soviet era, they also remember this car, Gaz 53. It was produced at the Gorky Automobile Plant.

Production of this car began in the 60s. There were several modifications of this 3rd generation technique. The car was produced until 1993. Over 30 years, more than 4 million cars were produced. A medium-tonnage truck with a capacity of 3 to 4.5 tons became the most popular truck in Soviet times. History Gas 53

rich. This machine served the entire national economy of the USSR for a long time and reliably. The surviving working machines are still used in agriculture, construction sites, and public utilities.

Modifications of Gas 53 were produced in a certain order. From the start of production of the car until 1967, it was branded F. Then a truck with the letter A began to be produced - a more load-bearing vehicle and stronger. Then, in 1984, the Gas 53-19 and 53-27 models were launched. The latter has a propane-powered engine. All cars were produced in parallel, for different needs. Here is a photo of the onboard Gas 53:

This truck became the pride of the Soviet automobile industry. It was also exported abroad. Many countries bought the car. Comfortable, durable. Another modification began to take a load of up to 4.5 tons. Photo Gas 53:

How much oil to pour into the engine of a GAZ 53 car

First generation 1961-1993

The ZMZ-53 engine has eight cylinders and a displacement of 4.25 liters, while its predecessor ZMZ-41 had a volume of 5.53 liters. The piston diameter is 92 mm versus 100 mm for the ZMZ-41, and the piston stroke is 80 mm (88 for its predecessor). The piston ring diameter is 25 mm (+3 mm). In addition, the new internal combustion engine model received a different cylinder block, crankshaft and cylinder head.

Thus, an aluminum block made it possible to reduce the weight of the structure and two cylinder heads, also made of winged metal. At the same time, the reliability of the motor has increased, and it has become easier and cheaper to maintain. The engine develops 115 horsepower, and the compression ratio is 6.7, like the ZMZ-41.

• 3.48 liters 82 l. With. (GAZ-51), year of manufacture – 1961-1967, oil volume – 7 liters, tolerance and viscosity: API-SG; SAE 10W-30, 15W-40, 5W-40
• 4.25 liters 115 l. With. (GAZ-53, ZMZ-53), year of manufacture. – 1965-1992, oil volume – 8 liters, tolerance and viscosity: tolerance and viscosity: API-SG; SAE 10W-30, 15W-40, 5W-40

What kind of oil should be poured into the GAZ 53 engine

Original

For the GAZ 53 car, AC-8 automobile oil is recommended. You should fill in mineral (10W-30, 15W-40) or semi-synthetic (10W-40) fluid produced by Lukoil, Gazpromneft, etc. In severe frosts, synthetic all-season oil 5W-40 is allowed, however, for the ZMZ-53 V8 engine, mineral water or semi-synthetic.

Unoriginal

The following oils are poured into the GAZ-53 car engine:

• Lukoil Lux 5W-40 API SL-CF semi-synthetics
• Gazpromneft Premium 5W-40 API SM/CF
• Tatneft 5W-40 synthetic.

Reviews

Georgy, Petrozavodsk. It doesn’t matter at all how old this workhorse is. Simplicity, reliability, cross-country ability and ease of maintenance - these are the main advantages of the GAZ-53, which are necessary in work. The disadvantages include gluttony, lack of comfort and a stiff suspension, but with adequate maintenance the GAZ-53 will still serve me. I work on it in the countryside, and that’s where this bucket belongs.

Nikolai. In the late 80s I had the opportunity to work in a cooperative on a GAZ-53. Mostly positive memories remained from it, despite the cramped and spartan two-seater cabin, with poor visibility and mediocre ergonomics. Shaky suspension, fuel consumption of 25 liters, low-quality metal - in general, you can list as many as you like. However, in rural areas, the GAZ-53 seemed to be rehabilitated due to its high cross-country ability. And now it can be recommended for a start-up business or just lovers of the domestic automobile industry. In caring hands it will last as long as necessary.

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see also

Comments 27

I usually flush the system with this oil. During operation on cars, and the Gazelle stopped at the Avangard, I will also pour it into the GAZon - it washes well, lubricates well, no signs of turning into fuel oil were found.

Was it dirty, has it become cleaner, or does it leave nothing behind?

It washes when the dirt is not on the walls in the form of deposits, but in the pan in the oil.

So the oil poured in front of the vanguard, say, under the valve cover, left traces of its presence and Lukoil corrected it? The opinion that if the oil quickly turns black means it washes is not entirely correct, a shaky engine can itself quickly dirty the oil

No not like this. Wash the engine, for example during disassembly or partial disassembly. Then fill it with fresh oil and drive away. After some time, we open the valve cover, for example (before the first replacement or after a couple of replacements) and look at the walls, they should not be covered in deposits. If the oil has not darkened after changing and running 5-6 thousand, I think it’s not oil, but bullshit. Because the design of the internal combustion engine is such that wear of the mechanical parts is always present. The oil flows into the pan and should wash away these wear products. Whatever the filter, it cannot, with the wave of a magic wand, lift everything from the pan and filter it. At its core, the sump is a sump. Clean oil with high mileage is a reason to think about the quality of the oil.

Yes, the oil is rubbish, I also pour myself LUKOIL Avant-Garde, both in KAMAZ and in Zila

I won’t argue, I filled it up for a temporary period so as not to drive on last year’s car while I’m working on the car, driving according to my needs, the mileage is insignificant without winter, I’ll eliminate the snotty, I’ll fill it with decent oil

But don’t you want to get rid of the centrifuge? on new tractors and machines there is a screw-on filter, you change the oil, unscrew it and install a new one, you just need to buy an oil filter housing and install it instead of a centrifuge and that’s all, well, that’s just advice))

We’re sitting at the table, everyone has already given in, and then one guy wants to clink glasses with another guy sitting on the other side, they grab a shot glass from the middle of the table, clink it with the one further away and return it, a friend next to him has five-ruble eyes rolling out with the words “why was that possible?” It is necessary to study the question of the feasibility of finding out what cleans better; from a financial point of view, a centrifuge is of course more economical

Engine oil for GAZ 3309

For diesel engines with volumes of 4.75 and 4.43 liters, you need to use about 12 liters of lubricant. It is recommended to use water with a mineral or semi-synthetic base as filling. The viscosity level is 15w40, 5w40, 10w40. Frequency of replacement. upon reaching 7,000-10,000 km.

If there is a desire or need to replace the factory oil with similar analogues, then you can use any mineral compounds. Experienced car owners advise using motor lubricants from manufacturers:

Main. Do not forget that the product must correspond to the level of viscosity depending on the operation of the car for certain weather conditions.

The design of a car engine for GAZ-53

The main advantage of the GAZ-53 engine is its efficiency and decent technical potential.

• The base of the GAZ-53 gasoline engine is a simple carburetor with a “V” shaped installation of cylinders. This arrangement increases engine power and torque.
• The next distinguishing feature is the screw exhaust valve and high turbulence chamber in the cylinder heads, which improves efficiency.
• The presence of an exhaust gas recirculation system, which reduces the amount of emissions into the atmosphere.
• Carter.
• Gear box.
• Combined lubrication system.
• The liquid-based cooling system ensures smooth operation even in hot weather.

Description of the motor device

The engine of the ZMZ 53 model has become compact. And throughout the years when the engine was produced, the cross-section of the combustion chamber, stroke and diameter of the pistons remained the same. And the V-shaped arrangement of the cylinders allows the engine to increase torque and make the engine more powerful.

In the design of the Gas 53 modification engine, in the first years of production, the manufacturer used K126B carburetors. These elements had two chambers. And a mesh filter device was placed in front of the carburetor. Thanks to this, environmental standards were observed.

The design of the Gas cylinder engine also includes:

• Lubrication system;
• cooling system.

Recently, engineers have been installing updated cylinder heads. The valves were placed at the top of the engine. All this contributed to improving the technical parameters of the Gas 53 engine.

The operating order of the cylinders was the following combination: 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8. Engineers installed a combined lubrication system. The oil is supplied with pressure and sprayed. Thus, the wear of the motor and its parts during operation was reduced.

Attention! The oil is purified using a centrifuge. The pressure is obtained through a pump, which is driven by gears.

The lubricant in the radiator is cooled. Circulation passes through all vehicle systems. Therefore, the car can drive equally well in both cold and hot weather. The engine does not overheat and starts easily in harsh winters.

There are several types of engine models. However, the design did not undergo major changes in any new model.

There were other modifications as well. However, they had only an experimental type of development. Never used in mass-produced vehicles.

Specifications

At the time of its birth, the GAZ 53 engine was considered quite strong, since it had a large amount of horsepower. It is worth examining the technical characteristics in more detail in the table:

All GAZ 53 engines were equipped from the factory with a 4-speed gearbox. And only in 1987, a 5-speed gearbox was developed for the ZMZ-511 engine, which improved traction power and torque.

Technical parameters of ZMZ-53

The ZMZ-53 four-stroke gasoline carburetor power unit has been installed on the GAZ-53 since the late 70s.

Main technical characteristics of ZMZ-53:

• cylinders – 8 pcs.;
• maximum torque – 30 kg*force/m;
• engine capacity – 4.25 l, with minimum power – 125 l. With.;
• compression ratio – 7,6;
• minimum speed registers A-76 gasoline consumption - 210 g. at one o'clock;
• engine weight – 260 kg.

Motor lubricant for GAZ 21

For Volga power units of the first generation produced in 1968, off-season mineral-based waters with a viscosity level of 15w20 and SG quality are vital. If we are talking about newer vehicle configurations, then for the cool season it is recommended to fill in 5w20 SG mineral water.

Any selected motor oil must be checked against the factory requirements and specifications for the GAZ 21, as well as maintenance intervals. Basically, owners of 21 models use semi-synthetic oils with a viscosity level of 10w40. They work great at any time of the year.

About 6 liters are used for replacement. In summer, it is recommended to use mineral lubricants with a replacement interval of 7.10,000 km. As for the brand, you should give preference to the above options.

Required Engine Maintenance

GAZ-53 engines have good endurance and a long service life. To extend its service life, it is recommended to carry out its maintenance. Timely measures will save money and time.

• Regular change of engine oil - every 6 thousand km traveled. The most suitable oil would be mineral-based or semi-synthetic.
• Periodically (every 1–2 thousand km) the cylinder head is tightened, as well as the spider intake manifold is attached.
• Adjust the valves after replacing the cylinder head gaskets or when tapping.
• When changing cylinder head gaskets or performing scheduled engine repairs, you should immediately tighten the bolts and belts on a cooled GAZ-53 engine. During the period outside of repairs, the condition of the belts is checked after 30 thousand km.
• In the summer, check daily that there is enough coolant in the system, as well as water, to avoid engine overheating.
• Monitor the oil level and the serviceability of the sensors on the dashboard. This should be done by the owners of Volga and UAZ. If there is insufficient oil in the GAZ-53 engine, top it up to avoid repairs.
• External inspection for oil leaks, which is the main possible engine breakdown.

All breakdowns should be repaired immediately as they occur. Disassembly of the GAZ-53 engine is carried out with special tools and experienced employees in the workshop.

Correct engine maintenance

The engine itself is not bad, and does not cause any complaints, the main thing is to maintain its technical condition.

This is what the internal combustion engine looks like for a GAZ 53 car

When carrying out maintenance, the cylinder head must be tightened.

But these are the first three technical inspections, later the frequency can be increased, and the cylinder head can be tightened through each TO-2.

Don't forget about the temperature.

To make the engine last longer, replace the piston rings as soon as necessary. The car itself will tell you that it’s time to replace the piston rings. In this case, after every 100 km. mileage the oil will decrease by approximately 400 g. If the oil pressure in the system has dropped, then the problem is in the crankshaft main bearing shells, which also need to be changed immediately.

Engine for GAZ 53 in section

Possible breakdowns of ZMZ-53

Among the most common malfunctions of the ZMZ-53 engine, the following should be noted:

• Increased fuel consumption. The cause may be an oil leak through the seals or other connections.
• Burnout of engine oil seals occurs due to overheating of the unit.
• The knocking of the connecting rod bearing occurs due to a decrease in the oil level, pressure in the system and wear of spare parts.
• Tapping of the upper bushing and the stroke of the piston means a crack in the skirt and partition of the piston ring, burnout of the bottom.
• The exhaust valve is burnt out - this is due to low-quality fuel, as well as oil getting on the valve and narrowing the gap in the valve.

Disadvantages of breakdowns and problems of the GAZ 53 engine

In a Gas 53 internal combustion engine, the lubrication system sometimes malfunctions. The pressure drops. The car owner pays attention to this when it is already too late. The engine overheats and parts become deformed.

To avoid such problems, you need to go to a service center once a year, where first aid will be provided to the car. All components were checked, new parts were installed to replace those that were worn out.

A common problem with Gas 53 is deformation of the intake manifold. Also followed by a grease leak from the rear main bearing. This results in increased lubricant consumption.

If the vehicle is operated under high loads, scuffing may occur on the crankshaft journals.

Due to overheating, all gaskets on the engine often burn out. They also need to be changed annually. From time to time the exhaust valve burns out. This means that low-quality fuel is used.

Many car owners try to tune the engine. Tuning consists of installing a new ZMZ 53 diesel engine, for example, from a Volga vehicle. The advantages of the latter are as follows:

• eats little fuel;
• life resource exceeds 400 thousand kilometers;
• easy to replace air filter, oil and fuel filter devices;
• high efficiency.

You can even carry out the shift in a regular garage. To do this, you will need to remove the old engine, rebuild the fasteners on the ramp, and change the fuel tank. New electrical wiring is then installed, adapters are constructed, and the driveshaft is rebuilt.

Similar article 3S-FE engine: characteristics and which cars it was installed on

They also tighten the intake manifold. Typically, experienced mechanics carry out the tightening procedure after a run of 2 thousand kilometers. This is a prerequisite for older power units.

Motor lubricant is changed after 6 thousand kilometers. Valve adjustment is done after replacing the cylinder head. The engine oil level is monitored. If necessary, add more.

If you do not pay attention to the engine malfunction in time and do not replace the necessary part, then the car owner has a high chance of losing the power unit. And the engine is put in for major overhaul after 250,000 kilometers.

Also pay special attention to the coolant level. This is especially true during summer periods. Any decrease in fluid in the system leads to overheating of the engine. This means that all rubber gaskets will burn out faster than at normal coolant levels.

To take a compression test, you will need a partner. And also do not forget to purchase a special device - a compression meter. To carry out the procedure, unscrew the candles completely. Open the throttle valve and disconnect the battery.

Attention! The optimal compression is considered to be 7.5 kg per cm².

Main malfunctions of ZMZ 53 engines

Like any other engine, ZMZ 53 has its weak points. The modifications here don’t depend on much; all internal combustion engines have identical characteristics.

• insufficient oil pressure in the lubrication system;
• deformation of the intake manifold (“spider”);
• oil leak from the rear main bearing;
• increased oil consumption;
• Under enormous loads, the crankpins of the crankshaft become rough.

Still, the engines in this series are quite durable. Considering the kind of motor oil that is sometimes poured into them, one can only be surprised at the tolerance of the internal combustion engine. Not every foreign-made engine can withstand such abuse.

You often hear “lawn drivers” from drivers. “That’s it, the engine is running out.” So, it can “end” in almost years. Without pressure, with a smoking piston and huge oil consumption, the “lawn” still drives for a long time. Very often, and sometimes for a long time, something knocks on “Gazonov” engines, but what exactly is not clear even after disassembling the unit. Mind-blowing, but true.

Tuning options

In order to give a more attractive look and improve the performance of the GAZ-53 engine, the following types of tuning are practiced:

• A complete replacement of the engine involves the installation of a diesel, more powerful engine. At the same time, fuel consumption is reduced and the service life is increased to 400 thousand km. And also servicing the motor will not be difficult.
• The fasteners are welded, the fuel tank, electrical wiring, exhaust system are changed, and the driveshaft is remade.
• Updating the cabin on a GAZ-53 car involves installing a central locking and alarm system.
• Replacement of the rear axle from GAZ-3307. This is characterized by a particularly robust suspension and a self-locking rear axle.
• Transmission upgrade - it is recommended to replace the gearbox from the GAZ-3309.

What cars was the power unit installed on?

Motors were installed on cars from the Gas company (Gorky Automobile Plant). These were trucks that were equipped with tanks for various liquids. The engine was installed on vacuum trucks, van trucks, and fire trucks. Some UAZ models are also equipped with ZMZ 53 engines.

Similar article Technical characteristics of the 3S GE BEAMS engine

The cars were made with absolutely no comfort for the driver and passenger. The seats were made hard and power steering was not installed. Cabins in old cars are not heated in winter.

Recently, many car enthusiasts have been trying to modernize not only the engine, but also the car. I must say that they achieve a good effect.

But, despite the advantages of the engines of that time, they also had disadvantages. I'll tell you about them in the next block.

Modifications

The variety of modifications of the GAZ-53 engine does not differ; the basis is the ZMZ-53 with some improvement in operating life and service. Some types of engine modifications can be distinguished:

Engine diagnostics

Regular inspection is necessary for the cylinder block. If its fastenings become loose, tighten the nuts. Before carrying out such work, all the coolant is drained from the system and the fastening of the intake pipe is loosened - this makes it possible to prevent the tightening of one cylinder head from affecting the others.

After such procedures, the nuts are tightened with a torque wrench. The manufacturer recommends performing this type of work for the first three maintenance services, then its frequency can be reduced to every second.

The GAZ-53 engine does not require repairs provided that high quality lubricants and fuel are used. In this case, the carbon deposits formed on the pistons and inside the combustion chamber will be small and will not have any effect on the operation of the engine.

Failure to follow simple rules can lead to detonation, increased consumption and decreased power.

Description of the GAZ-3307 (3307) model

Modifications of the GAZ-3307 car:

– GAZ-330701 — version “HL” for cold climates; – export - GAZ-330706 - for countries with a temperate climate and GAZ-330707 - for countries with a tropical climate; – GAZ-33073 – cargo-passenger taxi; – GAZ-33075 and GAZ-33076 - gas cylinders, operating respectively on liquefied petroleum gas (propane-butane) and compressed natural gas; – GAZ-33072 – chassis for dump trucks; – GAZ-33074 – chassis for buses; – GAZ-3307 – chassis for specialized vehicles.

Load capacity, kg - 4500

Curb weight, kg - 3200 Including: front axle, kg - 1435 rear axle, kg - 1765

Gross weight, kg - 7850 Including: front axle, kg - 1875 rear axle, kg - 5975

Permissible trailer weight: with inertial-hydraulic brake drive, kg - 3500 not equipped with a brake system, kg - 750

Maximum vehicle speed, km/h - 90 Same, road trains, km/h - 80 Minimum sustainable speed in low gear, km/h - 5-6 Acceleration time of vehicles to 60 km/h, s - 32

Maximum surmountable incline by cars - 25% Same as by road train - 18% Run-down of cars from 50 km/h, m - 660 Braking distance of cars from 50 km/h, m - 25

Control fuel consumption of cars: l/100 km: at 60 km/h, l - 19.6 at 80 km/h, l - 26.4

Turning radius: on the outer wheel, m - 8 Overall, m - 9

Engine

Modification ZMZ-53-1 1, gasoline, V-shaped (900), 8 cylinders, 92×80 mm, 4.25 l, compression ratio - 7.6, operating order - 1-5-4-2-6 -3-7-8, power 88.5 kW (120 hp) at 3200 rpm, torque - 284.5 (29 kgf m) at 2000–2500 rpm, carburetor - K-135, air filter - inertia-oil. The installation of a pre-heater PZHB-1 2 heat with a capacity of 10,400 kcal/h (power 1-2 kW) is provided.

Transmission

The clutch is single-disk, with peripheral springs, the release drive is hydraulic. Gearbox - 4-speed, gear ratios: I - 6.55; II - 3.09; III - 1.71; IV - 1.0; ZH - 7.77. The cardan transmission consists of two shafts with an intermediate support. The main gear is a single hypoid, gear ratio is 6.17.

Wheels and tires

Wheels - disc, rim. 6.0B-20 with side rings, fastening with 6 studs. Tires - 8.25R20 (240R508) models U-2 (K-84) or K-55A, tire pressure on the front wheels - 4.5 kgf/cm2; rear - 6.3 kgf/cm2. Number of wheels - 6+1

Suspension

Dependent: front - on semi-elliptic springs with shock absorbers; rear - on semi-elliptic springs with additional springs; the ends of the main sheets of all springs are installed in rubber pads of the support brackets.

Brakes

The service brake system has drum mechanisms with a diameter of 380 mm, the width of the front linings is 80 mm, the rear linings are 100 mm, a dual-circuit hydraulic drive (separate along the axes), and a hydraulic vacuum booster. The parking brake is a transmission drum (diameter 220 mm, lining width 60 mm), with a mechanical drive. Spare brake - any of the circuits of the service brake system.

Steering

The steering mechanism is a globoidal worm with a three-ridge roller, the gear ratio is 21.3.

Electrical equipment

Voltage - 12 V battery - 6ST-75 generator - G250-G2 voltage regulator - 222.3702 starter - 230-A1 ignition coil - B114-B (B116) ignition switch - TK102A (13.3734 or 13.3734-01) additional resistor - SE107 (14.3729) )1 distributor (sensor-distributor) - P133-B (24.3706) spark plugs - A11-30.

Filling volumes and recommended operating materials

Fuel tank 105 l gasoline A-76; cooling system (with heater), l - 23 water or antifreeze - A40, antifreeze - A65 engine lubrication system, l - 10 all-season M-8V or M-6/10V (DV-ASZp-10V). at temperatures below −20°C oil ASZp-6 (M-4z/BV), (replacement - all-season ASZp-10) gearbox - 3.0 l. all-season TAP-1 5v. at temperatures below −25°С oil TSp-10 or TSz-9gip (replacement - all-season) TSp-15K, at temperatures below −30°С a mixture of TSp-15K with 10-15% diesel. fuel 3 or A); final drive housing - 8.2 l all-season TSp-14gip, at temperatures below −35°C TSz-9gip (replacement - at temperatures below −35°C a mixture of TSp-14gni oil with 10-15% diesel fuel 3 or A) ; steering gear housing - 0.6 l, the same as for the gearbox; shock absorbers 2×0.41 l, shock absorber fluid AZh-1 2T (substitute - spindle oil AU); hydraulic brakes and clutch releases - 1.35 and 0.25 liters, respectively, "Tom" brake fluid (substitute - "Neva"); windshield washer reservoir - 1.5 l. NIISS-4 liquid mixed with water.

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Motor oils and everything you need to know about motor oils. Homemade applications of GIS ZMZ 53

Due to the unpretentiousness of engines of the ZMZ 53 series, their availability and extremely low price, many “homemade” ones often try to “implement” internal combustion engines on other brands of cars. For example, similar units have already been installed on Gazelle.

Despite the rather impressive dimensions, the “Gazonov” engines have a very small weight (230-270 kg), and the engine still fits under the hood of the Gazelle, the car is not very loaded. These engines are also installed in UAZs with appropriate alterations (the radiator is changed, the engine mounts are re-welded, etc.)

An example of a homemade tractor using a ZMZ 53 motor

GAZ-53 engine lubrication system

The GAZ-53 engine lubrication system (Fig. 1) is combined: under pressure, splashing and gravity. The oil in the engine oil sump is sucked into the oil pump 9 through the oil receiver 12.

From it, oil under pressure is supplied through channels in the block to the oil filter 4 for full-flow cleaning, and from there to the main oil line 6 of the engine. From the main line of the GAZ-53 lubrication system, oil flows through channels in the cylinder block to the crankshaft main bearings and camshaft bearings.

By drilling in the crankshaft, oil from the main bearings enters the cavities of the connecting rod journals and through the drillings in the connecting rod journals to the connecting rod bearing. In the cavities of the connecting rod journals, the oil undergoes additional cleaning due to centrifugal forces.

1. oil cooler; 2. cavity of the rocker arm axis; 3. channel in the cylinder head; 4. oil filter; 5. channel in the cylinder block; 6. main oil line; 7. hole in the distributor drive housing; 8. cavity; 9. oil pump; 10. pressure reducing valve; 11. 4th camshaft neck; 12-oil receiver; 13. safety valve; 14 oil cooler valve, 15. 2nd camshaft neck

Here are the 2nd and fourth camshaft supports, oil flows through the channels in the GAZ-53 block and heads to the rocker arm axes. From the internal cavity of the rocker arm axis, oil flows through drilling to the rocker arm bearings.

Next, follow the grooves in the rocker arm bushings, drilling into the rocker arms and adjusting screws. to the top ends of the rods. Flowing down the rods, the oil flows to the lower tips and through the holes in the pusher it connects to the oil sump; we lubricate the pusher guides and their ends.

The stubborn flange of the GAZ-53 camshaft is lubricated through a flat and a hole in the front camshaft support. Drive gears through a tube from the main oil line.

The drive of the ignition distributor, the oil pump and its gears are lubricated with oil coming from cavity 8 located between the fifth support neck of the camshaft and the plug in the cylinder block. Other parts that need lubrication are supplied with oil either by splashing or by gravity.

The oil pressure in the GAZ-53 lubrication system when the car is moving in direct gear at a speed of 55 km/h should be at least 250 kPa with the oil cooler turned off and the engine warmed up thoroughly. When starting and warming up a cool engine, the oil pressure can reach 500.550 kPa.

When the oil pressure in the oil line of the GAZ-53 engine drops to 40.80 kPa, the emergency oil pressure indicator lights up on the device panel.

Let's assume that the warning light comes on at a low crankshaft speed in idle mode. If the lubrication system of the GAZ-53 engine is working properly, the warning light goes out when the rotation speed increases.

If the indicator lights up at medium and high engine speeds, it indicates a malfunction. To eliminate it, the upcoming operation of the vehicle is not allowed.

When the ambient temperature is above 20 ° C and when driving in particularly heavy conditions, you need to turn on the oil cooler by opening the tap located on the left side of the engine. When the radiator is turned on, the faucet handle is oriented along the axis of the hose.

Oil enters the radiator only when the tap is open through the safety valve. This valve opens at a pressure in the GAZ-53 lubrication system of about 100 kPa. After passing through the radiator, the oil joins the oil sump.

The oil sump of the GAZ-53 engine is made of sheet steel, stamped, and attached to the lower plane of the cylinder block with studs.

The crankcase flange is sealed with a cork gasket. At the bottom of the crankcase there is a drain plug sealed with a metal-asbestos gasket. The oil receiver is a mesh type, not a floating type.

Oil pump GAZ-53 (Fig. 2). gear type, single-section, driven by the ignition distributor drive through the intermediate roller.

The housing of the GAZ-53 oil pump is made of duralumin alloy, the cover is made of cast iron. The lid contains a pressure reducing valve that protects the lubrication system from excess pressure. The valve is adjusted at the factory and its adjustment during operation is prohibited.

1. filter housing (upper part) 2. spring; 3 support washer; 4. O-ring; 5. filter element; 6. filter housing tube; 7-bypass valve plug; 8- filter housing gasket; 9. bypass valve gasket; 10. bypass valve spring, 11 - bypass valve ball; 12. oil filter rod; 13. filter element gasket; 14. filter housing (lower part) 15. gasket for the lower part of the filter housing; 16. filter spacers; 17-club; 18. connecting nut; 19. sealing gasket; 20. connecting fitting; 21. sealing gasket; 22. O-ring

Oil filter GAZ-53 (Fig. 3). full-flow with a replaceable cardboard filter element Regotmas, consists of an actual oil filter and its spacer. The spacer contains a bypass valve that is activated when the oil filter element is completely clogged.

In this case, the oil enters the engine line, bypassing the filter element. The spacers are attached to the inlet pipe with a special fitting, sealed with a paronite gasket and a rubber ring.

When the GAZ-53 filter element is clogged, oil flows from the spacer fitting through holes B into the safety valve area, opens the ball valve and, without cleaning, enters the spacer cavity, from where it goes into the oil line. Thus, the bypass valve in the spacer protects the engine from running without lubrication.

The drive of the ignition distributor and oil pump GAZ-53 (Fig. 4) consists of housing 1, into which two bushings made of sheet bronze are pressed. Roller 2 rotates in the bushings, at one end of which there is a slot for the shank of the ignition distributor roller.

The slot is offset to the axis of the roller, so the distributor can be installed in only one position. Here the axial movements of the drive shaft are fixed with a retaining ring 7. A spring ring 6 is also installed.

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Driven gear 5 is secured with a pin at the lower end of the shaft. The drive gear is located on the camshaft. Two washers are installed between the end of the housing and the driven gear: iron 3 and duralumin 4.

At the lower end of the GAZ-53 distributor drive shaft there is a hexagonal hole into which hexagonal shaft 8 of the oil pump drive fits. This roller is secured with the same pin as the driven gear.

The lower end of the hexagonal shaft fits freely into the hexagonal hole in the end of the shaft of the GAZ-53 oil pump. If the oil pump jams for some reason, pin 9 is cut off, and the drive shaft and engine stop.

The oil radiator of the GAZ-53 engine is made of a thick-walled duralumin tube, formed into a coil with five straight sections. In straight sections, the oil cooler has special cooling ribs made by knurling. The radiator is connected to the engine by rubber hoses.

A drop in pressure in the lubrication system can be caused by wear of oil pump parts or crankshaft and camshaft bearings. With significant contributions, the pump begins to operate noisily.

To identify pump malfunctions, it is removed from the motor and disassembled. But they begin to disassemble the GAZ-53 oil pump only after checking the condition of the pressure relief valve, because it may be a prerequisite for incorrect pressure in the oil system (the spring has weakened, the plunger is stuck, etc.).

The pressure reducing valve is located in the cover of the GAZ-53 oil pump. The force of the pressure reducing valve spring when compressing it to a length of 40 mm should be within 43.5. 48.5 N. It is prohibited to place washers under the spring. The old spring is replaced with a new one.

To disassemble the oil pump, unscrew the two fastening nuts and remove the pump from the cylinder block together with the gasket; unscrew the four bolts securing the oil pump cover and remove the cover with the gasket; remove the oil pump driven gear from the housing; remove the pump shaft with drive gear assembly. After disassembling the pump, all its parts are carefully washed, dried and inspected.

If wear from the gear is found on the surface of the GAZ-53 oil pump cover, then grind the surface of the cover to eliminate traces of wear.

In case of large defects, the pump is replaced with a new one. During repairs, the required clearances and tensions in the mating parts must be ensured.

In case of replacing the roller with a new one, as well as for other types of repairs, keep in mind the following:

To assemble the GAZ-53 oil pump, install the roller assembly with the drive gear into the oil pump housing; install the driven gear here in the pump housing; The oil pump cover with a gasket is placed on the housing; secure the cover to the pump body with 4 bolts.

When assembling the oil pump, always change the paronite or cardboard gasket of the cover (their thickness is 0.3 mm). It is unacceptable to use shellac or other sealing agents, or to increase the thickness of the gasket, because this reduces the performance of the pump.

Before installing the GAZ-53 oil pump on the engine, it must be filled with oil, because a dry pump at the very beginning of the engine will not supply oil to the rubbing surfaces, which will lead to their clogging and failure.

When disassembling the GAZ-53 ignition distributor drive, remove the spring ring and remove the safety pin, remove the hexagonal shaft of the oil pump drive, remove the retaining ring and gear from the shaft, remove the stubborn washers and remove the shaft from the distributor drive housing.

To assemble the ignition distributor drive, before assembly, all drive parts are blown with compressed air and wiped with clean cloths.

The roller assembly is lubricated with clean engine oil, inserted into the distributor drive housing and tested for ease of rotation by hand. Stubborn washers are installed on the roller, initially iron 3, later made of duralumin alloy 4.

Install the gear onto the drive shaft. In the hexagonal hole at the end of the GAZ-53 distributor drive shaft, insert the hexagonal oil pump drive shaft, install a pin into the hole with a diameter of 3.5 mm, install a spring ring into the groove on the gear hub, and install a spring ring into the groove of the drive shaft. stopper.

Check the ease of rotation of the roller by hand, the gap between the stubborn washer and the end of the drive gear, which should be 0.15. 0.40 mm; Displacement of the center of the tooth cavity of the distributor drive gear to the axis of the roller groove - permissible deviation ± 2 °.